Association of fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels: Insights into the mechanisms of pre-diabetes

Abstract

Background: Pre-diabetes is a critical stage with a risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is there is solid evidence of impaired glucose metabolism among the patients. Insulin resistance is the frequent finding and is a key factor in pre-diabetes but its specific relationship with fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels requires further exploration. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels in subjects with pre-diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 individuals with pre-diabetes (subjects having a level of fasting blood sugar of 100–125 mg/dL) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels were measured with an 8-h fasting for all the participants of the study who had been diagnosed as pre-diabetes. The Pearson correlation was carried out to evaluate the relationships between fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels. Results: This study included 86 people (56 male and 30 female) with an average age of 42.57 ± 7.58 years. Males had a greater age, height, weight, and BMI. Similarly, no gender differences in blood sugar or insulin levels were seen. FBS and serum insulin levels had a positive connection (r = 0.19, P = 0.038). Conclusion: Our study revealed a robust positive correlation between fasting blood sugar and fasting insulin levels in individuals with pre-diabetes. These findings emphasize the need for early intervention and tailored strategies to address insulin resistance in pre-diabetic individuals to mitigate the risk of progressing to Type 2 diabetes.