Association of diabetes-related factors with life satisfaction and sleep disturbances among Indian ageing adults: Evidence from a large-scale study

Despite growing literature showing associations of availability and accessibility of facilities to greater levels of physical activity, considerably less is known about the actual extent of use of these facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual (sex, age, education and extent of involvement in vigorous physical activity) and local area characteristics (socioeconomic status, locations and number of physical activity organizations per 1000 residents) associated with the use of local facilities for involvement in physical activity. A telephone survey was conducted with 3191 randomly selected adults in 22 non-contiguous areas across Canada. Use of local facilities for involvement in physical activity was examined among a subset of 1006 physically active adults. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Findings revealed significant variation across areas in likelihood of use of local facilities among women but not men. Women in the 25-34 and 45-55 age categories were significantly more likely to use local facilities than women of 35-44 years of age. Women reporting greater levels of involvement in vigorous physical activity were more likely to use local area facilities. Higher area affluence and living in areas located in small urban towns were associated with greater use of local facilities among women only. None of the individual and local area characteristics was associated with the outcome among men. Understanding the processes associated with differential use of local area facilities for physical activity is essential for the implementation of effective environmental and policy interventions to increase physical activity in the population.

Older adults are at risk of committing cognitive and decision-making errors due to the decline in cognitive functions. However, the understanding of the determining factors of cognitive errors among ageing adults is limited. In this study, we explored the role of various psychiatric factors, life satisfaction, and other socioeconomic, health and behavioural risk factors of committing cognitive errors among middle-aged and older adults in India. The study utilized the data from the experimental module of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1 (2017–2018) with a sample of 12,754 adults aged 45 years and above. The cognitive error was measured using logical fallacies committed in the activity-based experiments. The study employed descriptive, bivariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with cognitive errors among the study participants. Depression (aOR = 1.28, 99%, CI: 1.16–1.41), life satisfaction (aOR = 0.99, 99%, CI: 0.98–1.00), and cognitive impairment (aOR = 1.13, 90% CI: 1.00–1.30) were significantly associated with higher odds of committing cognitive errors among the middle-aged and older adults. Also, ageing adults with low educational levels, functional limitations, sleep disturbances, smoking history, living in rural areas and belonging to scheduled tribes had a higher probability of committing cognitive errors. However, involvement in physical activity, reading habits and social interactions reduced the odds of cognitive errors among this sample. Mental health and well-being indicators, including depression, life satisfaction, cognitive impairment, and other health and behavioural health factors, determine cognitive errors among ageing adults. Programs and policies should be initiated to address these factors, reduce cognitive errors, and ensure active ageing.

Involvement in physical activity and risk for nearly lethal suicide attempts

Background: During the pandemic COVID19 in 2020, Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented worldwide, including in Malaysia. This MCO restricts the movement and activities of the public to limit the community involvement in physical activity such as sports, exercise, and recreational activities. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the trend of involvement of Malaysian people in sports, exercise, and recreational activities while MCO.Methods: This pilot survey was conducted among 150 randomly selected respondents from the enumerators around Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Putrajaya. Malaysia Sports Culture Index questionnaire (2018), with high validity and reliability used to collect the data. The data were analyzed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.Results: The findings showed that exercise was carried out by 60.5%, followed by e-sports by 19.5%, physical sports by 11.7%, and active recreation by 8.3%. Aerobics, walking, yoga, Zumba, and jogging are the five most frequent exercise activities in the exercise category. For the sports category, people prefer badminton and table tennis. The choice of time to be active during MCO shows the most common time is in the evening, 43.7%. This is followed by the morning option 28.8%, night time, 25.0%, and afternoon time, only 2.5%. Social media 78.7% is the most dominant medium used by Malaysians in performing sports activities, exercise, active recreation, or e-sports. On the other hand, some respondents used video conferencing 13.5% and conventional media 32.4% as a medium for being active.Conclusion: In particular, involvement in active sports and recreational activities declined significantly during the MCO. However, the dominant percentage of exercise activity plays a vital role in reducing the health risks associated with physical inactivity.

A qualitative study approach was used to explore the factors affecting rural women’s involvement in physical activity in Ghana. Most prior research has been done in African urban areas thus, neglecting the rural areas. Purposive sampling and a semi-structured interview method were used to interview nine women aged 40-60 years living in three rural areas in the central region of Ghana. The interviews were conducted by phone, translated, transcribed, and then coded using NVivo software package. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. The data presented eight enablers and five barriers to physical activity involvement for rural Ghanaian women. Findings revealed that rural women get a fair amount of physical activity from their traditional occupations, household chores, and community involvement but lack involvement in organized physical activity for leisure and fun. By introducing rural women to more varied physical activity options, they could gradually replace the physical activity they traditionally gain from their livelihood as they begin to age out of them in middle adulthood.

This qualitative study explores the conditions of children's level of well-being and their involvement in physically active play during kindergarten outdoors time. Observations of three to five year olds from one kindergarten in central Norway were conducted. The researcher followed the children around the kindergarten's outdoors playground and across different places on a hike. Observation instruments of measuring well-being, involvement and physical activity were used for categorising the children's level in different physically active play situations. The transcriptions of video observation and field notes were examined to determine conditions creating a high level of well-being and involvement. Four examples are presented that illustrate both high and low levels of well-being and involvement in physically active play situations. The findings indicate the importance of facilitating physical play situations that create challenges, variations, autonomy and social relationships. Body language and sharing joint attention on movement experiences is probably relevant for children's high level of well-being, involvement and persistence in physical activity. The practitioner's role within physical outdoors settings is significant.

Students (N=231) were tested on involvement in physical activity, motivational climate, perceived sport competence, and goal orientations. Multiple regression, partial correlation, and LISREL analyses indicated that mastery goal adoption is positively correlated with a mastery climate. Performance-approach goal adoption is positively correlated with a performance climate. Mastery climate, mastery goal, and perceived sport competence are all positively correlated with involvement in physical activity. LISREL analyses supported three mediational hypotheses: (I) the positive correlation between the performance-approach goal and involvement in physical activity is mediated by (high) perceived sport competence, (II) the negative correlation between the performance-avoidance goal and involvement in physical activity is mediated by (low) perceived sport competence, (III) the positive correlation between mastery climate and involvement in physical activity is mediated by (high) mastery goal orientation. An alternative structural model with perceived competence as the last latent construct in the path was also tested.

To assess whether knowledge or psychosocial and glycemic benefits of a diabetes education program are enhanced by a support group for older patients. A partially randomized controlled trial involving two groups of patients: Group A, subjects who received an education program followed by 18 months of support group sessions; Group B, only the diabetes education program. A third convenience sample, Group C, received neither intervention. Groups A and B were assessed before and immediately after the education program, and all groups were assessed 2 years after the education program. Diabetes clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All subjects were male (mean age = 68 +/- 1.3 years, range = 57-82 years; duration of diabetes = 10 +/- 2 years, range 3-16). Sample sizes were 11 in Group A, 13 in Group B, and 8 in Group C. The education program consisted of six weekly sessions covering aspects of diabetes self-care. The support group consisted of 18 monthly sessions for continuing education, discussion, and structured social activities. Diabetes knowledge, psychosocial factors (self-care-related quality of life, stress, family involvement in care, and social involvement), depression, and glycemic control. Group A scored better (at least P less than 0.05) on knowledge, quality of life, and depression than the other groups. Groups A and B showed less stress, greater family involvement, better glycemic control, but less involvement in social activities than Group C. Diabetes education programs can have long term benefits on knowledge, psychosocial functioning, and glycemic control for older diabetic patients. The addition of support groups enhances diabetes knowledge and psychosocial functioning.

A total of 1,096 adolescents participated in 123 focus groups regarding the perceived outcomes of their involvement in sports and physical activity (PA). The groups, segmented by grade level, sex, and school types, were conducted in both public and private high schools in Montreal, Quebec. We sought to understand, through the participants’ own words, their perception of the outcome matrix of involvement in sports and PA. Focus group questions emphasized changes that adolescents associated with such engagement. In particular, participants were asked how sports and PA might influence behaviors, emotional states, personal characteristics, and other outcomes. Twelve themes were identified in the responses: Positive Health and Physical Changes (18.5%), Activity-Related Positive Emotions (15.6%), and Personal Learning (11.3%) were most prevalent in the discussions. A cluster of deeper personal changes thematically described as Self-Identity, Autonomy, and Positive Character Development accounted for another 16.5% of the responses. Relatively few commentaries emphasized negative effects (7.1%). Converting the proportions of qualitative data into a quantitative index allowed us to analyze potential differences in emphasis according to sex, age, and school type. Though a few significant findings emerged, the larger pattern was of a uniform perceptual map across the variables for this adolescent sample. Implications drawn from this investigation highlight the need to clearly articulate concrete pathways to positive nonphysical changes (e.g., mood states, autonomy, positive character development) from engagements in sports and PA.

Students in upper secondary school (N = 231, M = 16.6 yr., SD = 1.6) were tested on involvement in physical activity, perceived sport competence, using the Perceived Competence Scale of Harter, and motivational regulation on the Self-regulation Questionnaire of Ryan and Connell. Correlations were positive among involvement in physical activity, autonomous motivation, and perceived sport competence. A hypothetical model indicated that autonomous motivation mediates the relation between perceived sport competence and involvement in physical activity. Although LISREL analysis supported this mediation, the best model fit of the data supported a structural model with involvement in physical activity (R2 = .63) to mediate between autonomous motivation and perceived competence (R2 = .47). Results are interpreted and discussed in terms of self-determination theory.

This study applies an intervention based on autonomy support through dialogic learning to examine effects on motivation and the promotion of physical activity and sport involvement during schoolchildren's leisure time. One hundred and two primary school students, aged 11-13years, participated (M=10.93, SD=0.75). The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group (49 students) and a control group (53 students). A quasi-experimental study was conducted in physical education classes over the course of 9 months. Assessments of autonomy support from teachers, family, and peers; basic psychological needs; self-determined motivation in physical education and during leisure time; planned behavior variables; physical activity intention; and estimated and actual physical exercise behavior time were included in the model. Following the intervention, the results revealed that greater autonomy support by the teacher, the family and peers, satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation during physical education class and during free time, greater perceived control, favorable attitude and intention to engage in physical activity contributed to the explanation of student physical activity involvement. These results suggest that when students receive extensive social support from diverse social agents that essential precursors to physical activity are strengthened and contribute to increased motivation and actual physical activity involvement. Efforts to promote effective communications with students and other pedagogical efforts, such as providing dialogic learning opportunities, should be considered in order to strengthen physical activity motivation and involvement in students.

Background. Ageing of the Western Society has become both – economic and social concern. Ageing has both – biological and psychological consequences, and, with changes in the brain due to ageing (e.g. decline in the brain volume in frontal, parietal and temporal areas, as well as hippocampus (Colcombe et al., 2003; Erickson, Voss, Shaurya, Basak, & Szabo, 2011)), there are changes in cognitive functioning. For the past years, research has indicated a relationship between aerobic activity interventions and increase in episodic memory (Ruscheweyh et al., 2011), face recognition associative memory (Hayes et al., 2015) and working memory (Erickson et al., 2011). Methods. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between involvement in aerobic physical activities and memory; thus 43 seniors aged from 65 to 85 (M = 71.86, SD = 5.09, 23% male) were included in the study. Based on their physical activity experience, participants were divided into three groups – seniors with long- term aerobic physical activity experience (n = 16), seniors that have recently taken up aerobic physical activities (n = 19) and seniors not involved in physical activities (n = 8). Results. The preliminary data indicated relationship between long-term involvement in physical activities and working memory, as well as negative relationship between sedentary lifestyle and overall cognitive abilities. Conclusions. As this is still a work in progress, one of the limitations being the small sample, these results can be considered only as a tendency. Another limitation is the unequal gender distribution. This study was funded by the Latvian National Research Programme BIOMEDICINE 2014–2017.

Background: Sleep and exercise affect overall health. In youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), physical activity and adequate sleep reportedly improve glycemic control. Data from low-income countries is lacking. Objective: To describe sleep and activity in Haitian youth with T1DM and examine their impact on glycemic control, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and Life Satisfaction (LS). Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study in Haiti, including youth diagnosed with T1DM between 0-25 years old. Wristbands tracked activity and sleep for 10 days. Diabetes Quality of Life in Youth (DQoLY) questionnaire was used to evaluate HRQL and LS. Point-of-care hemoglobin A1c (A1C) values (max. measure 14%) were recorded. Linear regression was used to assess sleep and activity as predictors of A1C, HRQL and LS. Results: We included 66 participants (59% female, mean age 17.8±4.8 years, mean diabetes duration 3.7±3.4 years, mean BMI Z-score -0.86±1.1). Mean HRQL was 63/100 and mean LS 65/100. Mean A1C was 11.3%, and 22 patients (34%) had A1C >14%. Mean daily step count was 9448±8431 and mean sleep duration 7h31±1h17. Higher A1C was predicted by younger age (p=0.005) and lower BMI Z-score (p=0.0016), but not sex or diabetes duration. Better HRQL was predicted by younger age (p=0.029), and marginally by male sex (p=0.07). None predicted LS. Sleep duration and step count did not predict either outcome. When excluding patients with A1C>14% (to eliminate a possible ceiling effect), shorter sleep duration was a significant predictor of higher A1C (p=0.03) in uni- and multivariate models adjusted for age, sex, BMI and diabetes duration. Conclusions: Youth with T1DM in Haiti have poor glycemic control, and low HRQL and LS. Their average sleep duration and daily activity is similar to reported values in peers. While activity level did not affect A1C, HRQL or LS, shorter sleep duration predicted higher A1C in youth with A1C<14%. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings. Disclosure M. Babinski: None. R. Duperval: None. J. E. Von oettingen: None. K. Altenor: None.

Alcohol Consumption and Physical Inactivity Mediate the Link Between Sleep Disturbance and Psychological Wellbeing in Older Adults: A 10-Year Follow-Up From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

The purpose of this study was to describe objective sleep-wake characteristics and glycemia over 7-14 days in young adults with type 1 diabetes. In addition, person-level associations among objective sleep-wake characteristics (total sleep time, sleep variability, and sleep fragmentation index), daytime sleepiness, and glycemia (glycemic control and glucose variability) were examined. In this cross-sectional study, objective sleep-wake characteristics were measured via actigraphy and glucose variability via continuous glucose monitoring over 6-14 days. At baseline, participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Test, the Trail Making Test, and questionnaires on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and sleep disturbance including sleep diaries. Forty-six participants (mean age, 22.3 ± 3.2 years) wore a wrist actigraph and underwent continuous glucose monitoring concurrently for 6-14 days. Greater sleep variability was directly associated with greater glucose variability (mean of daily differences; r = .33, P = .036). Higher daytime sleepiness was directly associated with greater glucose variability (mean of daily differences; r = .50, P = .001). The association between sleep variability and glucose variability (mean of daily differences) was no longer significant when accounting for daytime sleepiness and controlling for type 1 diabetes duration (P > .05). A higher sleep fragmentation index was associated with greater glucose variability (B = 1.27, P = .010, pr2 = 0.40) after controlling for type 1 diabetes duration and accounting for higher daytime sleepiness. Sleep-wake variability, sleep fragmentation, daytime sleepiness, and the associations with glycemia are new dimensions to consider in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Sleep habits in this population may explain higher glucose variability, and optimizing sleep may improve overall diabetes management. Griggs S, Hickman RL Jr, Strohl KP, Redeker NS, Crawford SL, Grey M. Sleep-wake characteristics, daytime sleepiness, and glycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(9):1865-1874.