Abstract
LD-100, a quantitative ultrasonic device, allows us to measure cortical thickness (CoTh). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show high prevalence of sarcopenia. This study aimed to clarify the association of handgrip strength (HGS) with cortical porosis, a major risk for fracture of DM. CoTh and trabecular bone mineral density (TrBMD) at the 5.5% distal radius were assessed in T2DM female patients (n = 122) and non-DM female controls (n = 704) by LD-100. T2DM patients aged older 40 years showed significantly lower HGS and CoTh, but not TrBMD, than non-DM counterparts. Although HGS was significantly and positively correlated with CoTh and TrBMD in T2DM patients, multivariate analysis revealed HGS as an independent factor positively associated with CoTh, but not TrBMD, in T2DM patients, suggesting the preferential association of HGS with cortical, but not trabecular, bone component in T2DM female patients. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated an early decline of HGS in T2DM female patients as compared with non-DM healthy controls after the age of 40 years, which is independently associated with thinner CoTh, but not TrBMD in T2DM patients, and thus suggested that reduced muscle strength associated with DM might be a major factor for cortical porosis development in DM patients.
Highlights
Those findings prompted us to investigate whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) female patients, as compared with non-DM healthy females, might exhibit weaker handgrip strength (HGS), lower cortical thickness and trabecular BMD, which are determined with www.nature.com/scientificreports/
The Z-score of cortical thickness (CoTh) determined at the 5.5% distal radius by the LD-100 was −0.48 (−1.38–0.38) in the T2DM patients, which was significantly lower than the respective value of −0.07 (−0.47–0.74) in the non-DM controls, while the DM patients showed a significantly higher trabecular bone mineral density (TrBMD) Z-score [0.14 (−0.58–0.80)] than in the non-DM group [−0.23 (−0.82–0.35)]
The present study demonstrated that HGS was significantly weaker in T2DM female patients aged 40 years and older than in non-DM female counterparts, and that LD-100-determined CoTh, but not TrBMD, was significantly thinner in the T2DM female patients aged 40 years and older than in non-DM female counterparts
Summary
Those findings prompted us to investigate whether T2DM female patients, as compared with non-DM healthy females, might exhibit weaker HGS, lower cortical thickness and trabecular BMD, which are determined with www.nature.com/scientificreports/. LD-100 apparatus, which allow us to determine cortical bone components separately from trabecular bone components[15], and investigate the possible effect of reduced muscle strength on the development of cortical porosis in T2DM patients
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