Association of Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, and Waist Circumference With Hemodynamics: Insights From a Healthy Adult Population

Abdominal fat distribution and insulin resistance in Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Ratio of visceral fat area to body fat mass (VBR) is a superior predictor of coronary heart disease.

Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities: evidence report of independent panel to assess the role of physical activity in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.

The relationship between waist circumference (WC) and conventional blood pressure (BP) is independent of other clinical indices of adiposity. As ambulatory BP may offer more prognostic information than conventional BP, we aimed to identify whether indices of central adiposity are associated with ambulatory BP independent of other indices of adiposity. The relationship between indices of adiposity [WC, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI) or skin-fold thickness] and ambulatory or conventional BP was determined in 300 randomly selected individuals of African descent living in an urban developing community in South Africa. Relationships were determined with multiple indices of adiposity in the same regression model and after adjusting for age, gender, alcohol and tobacco intake, the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus or inappropriate blood glucose control [haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)], antihypertensive therapy and menopausal status. Sixty-five per cent of participants were overweight or obese. With respect to the relationships between indices of adiposity, BMI and WC showed the strongest correlation (r=0.84, P<0.0001). After including all indices of adiposity and confounders in the model, WC was the only clinical index of adiposity which independently predicted 24-h (partial r=0.15, P<0.005) and conventional (partial r=0.14, P<0.005) systolic BP and 24-h (partial r=0.13, P<0.02) and conventional (partial r=0.40, P<0.0001) diastolic BP. After adjusting for other adiposity indices and confounders, every 1 SD (15 cm) increase in WC resulted in a 4.04 mmHg increase in 24-h systolic BP and a 4.33 mmHg increase in 24-h diastolic BP. Similar results were obtained in the subgroup of 237 participants not receiving antihypertensive therapy. WC is the only clinical index of adiposity that is associated with 24-h and conventional BP independent of other adiposity indices in a community with a high prevalence of obesity.

This study investigates the relationship between blood pressure and body composition of male and female faculties of Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, C.G. It was not very clear how blood pressure was affected by such factors as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and percent body fat. To this study was formulated for testing. In this study population consists of 202 male and 63 female faculties of GGV University, Bilaspur (C.G) in 2016-2017 academic session. The male faculties average age was 39.47 years and female faculties average age was 37.70 years.. The Omron digital blood pressure monitor, a flexible measuring tape, digital weighing scale, stadiometer and Harpenden skinfold calliper were used to collect data on blood pressure, waist and hip circumferences, body weight, height and three skinfolds from both genders respectively. While waist to hip ratio and body mass index were determined, percent body fat was calculated from total skinfolds and gender specific body density formula. The data was imputed into the system and was analysed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (SPSS 16 for Windows) to determine relationship between the variables at 0.05 level of significant. Major findings of the study revealed that: relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressures was positively significant among the male and female faculties in this study; relationship between systolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among the male and female faculties in this study; relationship between diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among the male and female faculties in this study and relationship between waist circumference and body mass index was positively significant among the male and female faculties in this study. The relationship between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was positively significant with waist circumference, percent body fat and waist-to hip ratio of the male and female faculties in this study. On the basis of these findings, it was therefore recommended that since high blood pressure is a silent killer disease; adults should be encouraged to participate in at least moderate intensity physical activity three to five times per week throughout life.

Does hypertension begin in adolescence?

The issue of body size between methods and substance

Worldwide obesity has a high prevalence, as well as carries a high risk of several chronic diseases, including hypertension. Studies of the association between obesity and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) are scarce and most use only body mass index (BMI) as indicator of adiposity. Thus, we aimed to examine for associations between total and central adiposity and ambulatory BP parameters (BP means and variability, nocturnal dipping and morning surge) among participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). This cross-sectional study (2012-2014) used a subsample of participants (n = 812) of ELSA-Brasil who underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring to assess systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, respectively) over 24-hour periods and sub-periods. Indicators for total adiposity were BMI and body fat (BF) and, for central adiposity, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR). Associations were tested using crude and adjusted gamma and logistic regression. Overweight (BMI) and abdominal obesity (WC and WHR) associated positively with mean 24-hour (Coef = 2.71, 3.09 and 4.00, respectively), waking (Coef = 2.87, 3.26 and 4.16, respectively), and sleeping (Coef = 2.30, 2.74 and 3.50, respectively) SBP; mean DBP associated with high WHR in these three periods (Coef = 2.00, 2.10 and 1.68, respectively) and with WC in the waking period (Coef = 1.44). Overweight and abdominal obesity (WC and WHR) were positively associated with SBP variability over 24 h (Coef = 0.53, 0.45 and 0.49, respectively) and in sleep (Coef = 0.80, 0.74 and 0.59, respectively), and with DBP variability in 24 h (Coef = 0.64, 0.73 and 0.58, respectively), wakefulness (Coef = 0.50, 0.52 and 0.52, respectively) and sleep (Coef = 0.53, 0.45 and 0.49); excess BF associated positively with DBP variability over 24 h (Coef = 0.43) and in wakefulness (Coef = 0.38). Lastly, high WHR and excess BF were associated with higher odds of extreme dipping (OR = 1.03 for both), while high WC and WHR associated with higher odds of exacerbated diastolic morning surge (OR = 3.18 and 3.66, respectively). Indicators of adiposity were associated with the BP means and variability, nocturnal dipping and morning surge, with more substantial results for indicators of central adiposity that the others.

Hypertension is a public health challenge of increasing importance because of its high frequency and concomitant risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. It has been estimated that the worldwide prevalence of hypertension was 972 million in 2000, and this number will increase by 60% by the year 2025.1 A large body of evidence indicates that the increasing prevalence of hypertension is sustained by the escalation of overweight and obesity. Actually, most hypertensive patients are also overweight or obese,2 and this may contribute to further deteriorate their cardiovascular risk profile. Similar to hypertension, obesity is independently associated with numerous adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and, most importantly, adipose tissue expansion and hypertension have a synergistic negative impact on cardiovascular prognosis. Hence, the hypertension–obesity pandemic imposes today a considerable burden on societies and healthcare systems that one can reasonably expect to increase further in the next years. The importance of preventing hypertension underscores the critical role of a better understanding of the most common mechanisms underlying its development. The association between obesity and hypertension has been recognized for many decades,2 and an almost linear relation appears between body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, at least over a body mass index range from 16 to 31 kg/m2.3 Also, risk estimates from the Framingham Heart Study suggest that ≈78% of the hypertension cases in men and 65% in women can be directly attributed to obesity.4 Further evidence for a consistent link between adiposity and hypertension comes from studies showing that weight gain is almost invariably associated with an increase in blood pressure. The increase in blood pressure is closely related to the magnitude of weight gain, and even moderate weight gain is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension.5 In addition, even modest weight …

Currently, obesity is a problem for both developed and developing countries. Obesity nutritional status is associated with body fat levels, central obesity and is associated with various diseases This study analyzes the correlation between body mass index, waist circumference, and the ratio of waist to hip to body fat percentage and visceral fat based on gender. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, involving sixty-three employees aged 19-60 years in February 2021. Subject characteristics data were collected using a questionnaire, in addition to physical examination to obtain anthropometric data in the form of weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference. Data on the percentage of body fat and visceral fat were obtained using the Mi body composition digital tool. The Pearson's correlation test was used for analysis and the significance level used was 0.05. A total of 49.2 % of subjects were categorized as obese based on body mass index. In the male group, there was a strong and significant positive correlation between BMI, WC, with the percentage of body fat and visceral fat with p =0.000. However, in female subjects, a significant positive correlation was found between BMI, WC, with visceral fat in women with p = 0.000. BMI, WC, and WHR correlated strongly with body fat and visceral fat levels in men. In the female group, BMI and WC were strongly correlated with visceral fat. Keywords: anthropometric, fat, visceral

An Evidence-Based Review of Exercise and Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity Indexes Are Positively Correlated With Blood Pressure Variability in Patients With Essential Hypertension

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing globally. This has severe implications for cardiometabolic risk including hypertension. South Asian children are particularly vulnerable given their unique phenotype which results in higher body fat at similar body mass index (BMI) levels compared to Europeans. As a result, we sought to explore the association between adiposity indicators and blood pressure, and to compare the strength of these indicators in determining hypertension in South Asian children and adolescents. Methods: Children ages 7-8 and 14-15 with South Asian origin were recruited from two Canadian cities. They were then assessed for height, weight and waist circumference (WC). Waist to height ratio (WHtR), and BMI were calculated. Body fat percentage was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed three times using an automated device. All variables (except body fat percentage) were transformed to z-scores using published standards. Unadjusted and adjusted (age, sex, household income, exposure to bullying or violence) logistic regression was used to explore associations between adiposity and hypertension. Subsequently, area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to explore the strength of the adiposity metrics in determining hypertension. Results: This study consisted of 306 boys and 402 girls (n=762) with mean age 9.5 (S.D 3.2) years. Significant association were detected in unadjusted models between the adiposity indicators with systolic and diastolic hypertension (p&lt;0.0001 for all). In the fully adjusted model, the association between adiposity with systolic and diastolic hypertension remained after adjusting for covariates (p&lt;0.01 for all). BMI was the strongest predictor of systolic hypertension (AUC= 0.791), while body fat percentage was the strongest for diastolic hypertension (AUC= 0.712). The other indicators were within close ranges in their ability to predict both systolic and diastolic hypertension. Conclusion: Significant associations were observed between adiposity indicators and hypertension. Moreover, the adiposity indicators were observed to be strong predictors of hypertension in AUC analysis. This highlights the relationship between adiposity and hypertension, and suggests that BMI, WC, WHtR and body fat percentage are good indicators of hypertension in South Asian children.

Relation Between Self-Reported Physical Activity Level, Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Risk

Body mass index, waist circumference, body fat mass, and risk of developing hypertension in normal-weight children and adolescents