Association of antioxidant administrations to udder health and milk quality in Awassi ewes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prepartally injections of antioxidants on total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and udder health parameters on day 14 postpartum in Holstein-Friesian cows. Sixty-eight multiparous cows were divided into treatment (TRE; n=33) and control (CON; n=35) groups. Injections of vitamins (A, D and E) and trace elements ( Se, Cu, Zn and Mn) were administered intramuscularly to cows into the TRE group on 21±5 and 10±5 days prepartum. Blood and milk samples were collected to evaluate beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), TAS, TOS and udder health (somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (individual bacteria count (IBC) and colony formation unit (CFU)). TAS levels were higher in the TRE group than the CON group. And TOS levels were lower in the TRE group than the CON group (P<0.001). Cows in the TRE group had lower SCC than the cows in the CON group (p=0.042). In conclusion, prepartally supplements of antioxidants were effectively reduced levels of serum TOS and SCC and increased levels of serum TAS. But, it was detected that it did not affect on IBC and CFU levels.

Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are some studies on oxidative stress and PTSD, there is no report available on the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with chronic PTSD. The study group included 45 earthquake survivors with PTSD and 40 earthquake survivors without PTSD. The oxidative status was determined using the total antioxidant status and total oxidant status (TOS) measurements and by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI). There were no statistically significant differences in the total antioxidant status, TOS, or OSI when comparing individuals with and without PTSD (all, p>0.05). There were no correlations between Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores and oxidant and antioxidant stress markers (all, p>0.05). Our results suggest that the total oxidant and antioxidant status may not affect earthquake survivors with PTSD. This is the first study to evaluate the oxidative status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Objectives: Several oxidants and antioxidants have been evaluated in schizophrenia. However, previous studies frequently focused on individual parameters. Determination of the total oxidant and antioxidant status may be more useful. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate both plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) together with the oxidative stress index (OSI) in schizophrenia patients for the first time in the literature. Methods: A total of 60 schizophrenia patients and 40 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression-severity scale (CGI-S) were used to evaluate the severity of schizophrenia in the patients. TOS and TAS were measured in plasma and the OSI was calculated for patients and controls. Results: There was no difference between patients and controls with regard to TOS, but the patients’ TAS and OSI were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than those of the controls. No difference was detected between the schizophrenia subtypes or between the patients on typical or atypical antipsychotic medications or a combination of the two with regard to oxidative parameters. There was a weak to moderately significant negative correlation between TAS and total, positive and general psychopathology PANSS scores. Finally, we found a weak to moderately significant negative correlation between the CGI-S score and TOS and between the CGI-S score and TAS. Conclusions: There is a defect in the antioxidant defense system in schizophrenia. Known oxidative stress that causes oxidative cell damage and thus contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia may be mainly related to this defensive defect.

Total Oxidant Status, Total Antioxidant Status, and Paraoxonase and Arylesterase Activities during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

BackgroundThe induction of the pneumoperitoneum increases intraabdominal pressure (IAP), causing splanchnic ischemia, whereas its deflation normalizes IAP and splanchnic blood flow. We investigated the oxidant-antioxidant status of dogs who underwent low pressure (7 mm Hg), standard pressure (12 mm Hg), and high pressure (15 mm Hg) pneumoperitoneum.ResultsTwenty-four beagle dogs (12 males and 12 females), 4–6 years old, weighing 8–11 kg were used. The animals were assigned to one of four groups (n = 6 dogs). Group 1 served as a control; these animals received only anaesthesia for 90 min. In groups 2, 3 and 4, intra-abdominal pressure was increased to 7, 12 and 15 mmHg, respectively, and maintained for 60 min. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in venous blood samples. The percentage ratio of TOS to TAS provided an oxidative stress index (OSI).No significant difference in TOS levels was found among the groups. A significant decrease in TAS levels and an increase in OSI levels were observed at 90 min and 24 h of pneumoperitoneum deflation within group 4. No differences were found among the groups.ConclusionsA high pressure pneumoperitoneum induced significant changes in TAS and OSI. In addition, TOS and TAS levels are useful markers for evaluating changes in the oxidative status caused by a pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy. Furthermore, a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum could attenuate oxidative stress induced by CO2 insufflation in dogs.

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common and preventable cause of anemia. Oral and parenteral iron preparations can be used for treatment. There are some concerns about the effect on oxidative stress of parenteral preparations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose on short- and long-term oxidant-antioxidant status. The study was designed as a prospective, single-center, observational study. Patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and receiving intravenous iron therapy were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups as those receiving 1000mg iron sucrose, 1000mg ferric carboxymaltose, and 1500mg ferric carboxymaltose. Blood samples were collected for blood tests before treatment, at the 1st hour of the first infusion, and at the 1st month of follow-up. The total oxidant and total antioxidant status were analyzed to evaluate oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Fifty-eight patients are included. Nineteen patients received iron sucrose 1000mg (G1), 21 patients received ferric carboxymaltose 1000mg (G2), and 18 patients received ferric carboxymaltose 1500mg (G3). First hour total antioxidant status was higher in the iron sucrose group than in the ferric carboxymaltose group [G1 and G2 (p = 0.027), G1 and G3 (p = 0.004)]. At the 1st hour, total oxidant status was higher in iron sucrose group than in ferric carboxymaltose group [G1 and G2 (p = 0.016), G1 and G3 (p = 0.011)]. There was no difference in total oxidant and antioxidant stress between the three treatment groups at the 1st month evaluation [p: 0.19 and p: 0.12]. Total oxidant and antioxidant status in iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose formulations were found to be higher in the iron sucrose group in the acute period at the 1st hour after infusion. There was no significant difference between antioxidant and oxidant total status in all three treatment groups at the 1st month of long-term control. The fact that total oxidant status was lower in the ferric carboxymaltose group containing high-dose treatment compared to iron sucrose according to the 1st hour change showed that high-dose iron did not significantly affect oxidant stress in the short term. In addition, long-term oxidant stress evaluation at the 1st month did not show any difference between iron preparations. In conclusion, it has been shown that high-dose intravenous iron therapy, which is easier to use in clinical practice, has no effect on the oxidant-antioxidant system.

AbsractThe present study was aimed to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of plasma and renal tissue in cisplatin (cDDP) induced nephrotoxic rats and its protection by treatments with floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn. Treatment with cDDP elevated (p < 0.05) the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (CR), TOS, OSI and malondialdehyde (MDA) but lowered (p < 0.05) total plasma proteins, TAS, total thiols (TTH), blood glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes compared to the control group. Pre- and post-treatments of ethanolic floral extract of C. officinalis along with cDDP restored (p > 0.05) CR, albumin, TOS, GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes in blood and renal tissue. Ethanolic extract treatments reduced (p < 0.05) MDA level in renal tissue without restoring the erythrocyte MDA level following cDDP treatment. These observations were further supported by the histopathological findings in renal tissue. Observations of the present study have shown that treatments with ethanolic floral extract of C. officinalis protect cDDP induced nephrotoxicity by restoring antioxidant system of the renal tissue.

Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common diseases in neonates. Slight elevations in bilirubin levels exert antioxidant effects but high levels may cause oxidative damage in newborns. We assessed the effects of hyperbilirubinemia on DNA damage and total oxidant and antioxidant status in newborns receiving phototherapy. A total of 68 term newborn infants exhibiting idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (UCH) requiring phototherapy and 27 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Plasma 8-hydroxy-2 deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were compared between newborns with UCH requiring phototherapy and age-matched healthy controls. The extent of DNA damage, the TOS, and the TAS were significantly higher in the study group than the control group (p < 0.01). The extent of DNA damage and the TOS increased at lower bilirubin levels; this became significant at bilirubin levels >16 mg/dL. A significant increase in TAS was observed even at low bilirubin levels, and the TAS was positively correlated with the bilirubin level to 30 mg/dL. At slightly elevated levels bilirubin serves as a physiological antioxidant. However, the high bilirubin levels evident in the present study increased DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Fruits and vegetables are basic crops of mass consumption for human population to meet their food requirements. Recent advances in medicinal studies have revealed that different parts of fruits and vegetables are loaded with phytochemicals responsible for eliminating the risks of different diseases. Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) is one of the abundantly grown and consumed vegetable all around the world. Seeds of this vegetables are named as nutritional power houses due to their excellent nutrient profiles. In present study total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, of pumpkin seeds extracts were determined. Extraction of pumpkin seeds was carried out in a Soxhlet apparatus using ethanol as extraction solvent. TAS and TOS were determined through Rel Assay Kits and free radical scavenging activity was measured through DPPH assay. TAS was found 4.18±0.36 and TOS 14.68±0.42, whereas value of OSI was measured 0.35±0.10. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was observed increasing with increasing the concentration and maximum value 56.10±0.90% was observed at 2 mg/mL concentration. From these results it was concluded that pumpkin seeds could be utilized as natural antioxidant source with potential to reduce oxidative stress and minimizing the risks of certain diseases.

Relationship between total antioxidant/oxidant status, and oxidative stress index and superovulation response in donor cows

Effect of different estrus synchronization protocols on estrus and pregnancy rates, oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in Hair goats

In pulmonary tuberculosis patients, little is known about peripheral DNA damage, although increased oxidative stress is a well documented entity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate DNA damage along with oxidative status parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Twenty-seven pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 26 controls were included. DNA damage was assessed by comet assay. Total oxidant and antioxidant status, and oxidative stress index were determined. DNA damage, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were higher in pulmonary tuberculosis patients than controls (all P < 0.05), while total antioxidant status was lower (P < 0.05). DNA damage was correlated with total oxidant and antioxidant status, and oxidative stress index (r = 0.69, P < 0.05; r = 0.48, P < 0.05, r = -0.47, P < 0.05; respectively) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Oxidative stress and DNA damage are increased in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Increased oxidative stress associated DNA damage may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the disorders suggested to be associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is the most common cancer in the pleura and highly aggressive with a very poor prognosis. Asbestos, known as a carcinogenic mineral with fiber structures, is the main cause of MPM formation. Exposure to asbestos causes an increase in reactive oxygen species, deficiency of antioxidant enzyme levels, and DNA damage. As a result of asbestos pathogenesis, all of these changes cause pulmonary fibrosis, pleural diseases, and malignancies. The endogenous antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a calcium-dependent esterase involved in the hydrolysis of lipid peroxides, and PON-1 has been shown to have protective properties in oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases in various studies. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the relationship of MPM with PON-1 enzyme activity and oxidative status using total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was formed of 33 retrospectively examined mesothelioma patients as MPM group and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as controls. PON-1 activity was measured spectrophotometrically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Total antioxidant and oxidant status was determined using Rel Assay Diagnostics kit. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was estimated as the ratio of the TOS to the TAS levels. RESULTS: In the present study, PON-1, TOS, TAS, and OSI levels were adjusted by comorbidity and smoking. The results indicated that TOS and OSI of MPM patients increased compared to healthy controls (P CONCLUSION: These results suggested that oxidative stress occurring as a result of inhalation of asbestos fibers may reduce the level of PON-1.

Our purpose was to determine whether total oxidant and antioxidant status, total thiol levels and activities of serum paraoxonase 1, an HDL-associated antioxidant enzyme, are related with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PG). Serum samples from 32 PEX, 30 PG, and 32 control subjects were collected at the Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara. Basal paraoxonase (PON1), salt stimulated paraoxonase (stPON1), arylesterase (ARE), and total thiol levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined on an autoanalyzer. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using the TAS and TOS values. PON1 phenotypes were calculated from the ratio of stPON1 to ARE. Continuous variables were compared by independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, except for age which was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test (PON1 phenotypes) or chi-square test (gender). TAS levels were significantly lower in PEX and PG patients compared to controls. TOS, OSI and total thiol levels did not differ significantly among the study groups, although there was a trend towards lower TOS and total thiol levels in patients compared to controls. PON1 activities were significantly higher in PEX patients (131.37 +/- 81.20 U/L) compared to controls (95.53 +/- 55.65 U/L; p = 0.046). The PON1 phenotype which is known to have high activity towards the substrate paraoxon, but low antioxidant activity (BB phenotype) was observed significantly more in PEX patients compared to controls. PON1 phenotypes and lack of antioxidants might play an important role in the development of PEX/ PG.

In goat milk, storage temperature and milk age has been identified as one of possible factors affecting the somatic cell count (SCC). To establish the effect of the storage temperature and milk age used for SCC in goat milk, counts were performed on 320 aliquots of milk sample from 20 goats using Somacount 300 (Bentley Instruments). The milk samples were preserved with bronopol, kept at 5o, 10o, 20o and 30oC and analyzed 1, 3, 5 and 7 day post-collection. The temperature storage and milk age did not modify the SCC of the milk samples significantly (P>0,05). The results of SCC in milk samples incubated at 10o, 20o and 30oC were slightly lower than those incubated at 5oC. Considering SCC variation lower than 9%, the results of SCC under experimental conditions can be acceptable for monitoring both the udder health and milk quality in dairy goats.