Abstract

SUA is associated with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults, including chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and hypertension. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 11219 adolescents 12 to 18 years of age examined in the 2001–2018 National health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined the association between SUA and CVD risk factors. The overall mean SUA level was 5.00±1.24mg/dl. Restricted cubic spline analysis results revealed SUA was inversely associated with HDL-C and SPISE and positively associated with TC, TG, LDL-C, nonHDL-C, insulin, SBP and DBP after full adjustment. Multiple logistic analyses showed SUA level was independently associated with high TC, high TG, high nonHDL-C and low HDL-C (all p<0.05). Furthermore, females in the highest quartile of SUA had significantly higher odds for elevated BP (OR = 2.38, 95%CI:1.02–5.54, P<0.05) and high TC (OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.49–3.30, P<0.001), which not observed in males. Increased levels of SUA were associated with increased odds of various cardiovascular risk factors in American adolescents, especially females.

Highlights

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death all over the world [1]

  • We aimed to explore the associations between serum Uric acid (UA) (SUA) and CVD risk factors in a large, nationally representative cohort of US adolescents using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2018

  • Similar to the previous studies, our results have proved that SUA concentrations were positively associated with SBP and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) after adjusting the age, gender, race, poverty: income ratio (PIR) BMIZ and Waist to height ratio (WHtR)

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Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death all over the world [1]. Manifest disease in childhood and adolescence is rare, risk factors and risk behaviors that accelerate the development of CVD begin in childhood, and it has been calculated that a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence would lead to a reduction in the number affected by CVDs later in life [2]. The presence of residual risk has necessitated the evaluation of new risk factors to improve CVD risk stratification. Uric acid (UA) is the final product of dietary and endogenous purine metabolism [4]. Human are exposed to >50 times greater serum UA (SUA) concentrations than other mammals because of the lack of urate oxidase, an enzyme that is responsible for uric acid being converted into

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