Abstract
Objectives: The association between peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and osteoporosis remains unclear. We investigated the association between PUD and osteoporosis by classifying individuals based on gender in a prospective study on 10,030 adults in Korea at a 12-year follow-up examination. Design and setting: The baseline survey of the Ansung–Ansan cohort studies was conducted from May 2001 to February 2003, and 10,030 participants (5018 from the Ansung study and 5012 from the Ansan study) completed the examination. Primary outcome measures: The risk of developing osteoporosis was higher in both men and women in the PUD group than in the control group. Results: At the 12-year follow-up, osteoporosis had developed in 11.1% (21/189) and 29.9% (56/187) of men and women in the PUD group, respectively. Meanwhile, in the control group, 4.8% (70/1464) and 16.5% (271/1639) of men and women, respectively, were presented with osteoporosis. The incidence rates per 1000 person–years were 20.5% and 68.5% in men and women in the PUD group and 11.2% and 42.3% of men and women in the control group, respectively. The risk of developing osteoporosis was higher in both men and women in the PUD group than in the control group (men: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–2.92; women: HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20–2.18). Conclusion: The risk of developing osteoporosis was significantly higher in both men and women in the PUD group than in the control group.
Highlights
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition affecting the digestive system, which is characterized by a disequilibrium between protective attributes, such as prostaglandin, bicarbonate, and mucus, and damaging attributes, including gastric acid, bile salt, and pepsin in the gastrointestinal mucosa [1].PUD is classified into two types: Gastric and duodenal ulcer
The baselines characteristics of the male and female participants according to the presence or absence of peptic ulcers are shown in Tables 1 and A1
The mean calcium intakes of the PUD group were categorized according to quartile: 213.9 ± 8.1, 373.2 ± 5.5, 508.9 ± 6.8, and 866.1 ± 40.6 in men and 205.6 ± 6.9, 376.1 ± 5.4, 517.4 ± 7.9, and 827.1 ± 41.5 in women
Summary
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition affecting the digestive system, which is characterized by a disequilibrium between protective attributes, such as prostaglandin, bicarbonate, and mucus, and damaging attributes, including gastric acid, bile salt, and pepsin in the gastrointestinal mucosa [1].PUD is classified into two types: Gastric and duodenal ulcer. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition affecting the digestive system, which is characterized by a disequilibrium between protective attributes, such as prostaglandin, bicarbonate, and mucus, and damaging attributes, including gastric acid, bile salt, and pepsin in the gastrointestinal mucosa [1]. PUD causes complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, and perforation, which increase mortality risk [4]. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by weak bones, which is determined by assessing bone mineral density and bone quality [5]. This condition increases bone fragility leading to an increased risk of developing fractures, decreased quality of life, and increased disability and mortality rates and a socioeconomic burden to public health systems [6]. Gender (female), race (Asian), early menopause, low body weight, low body mass index (BMI), alcohol and tobacco use, family history of osteoporotic fractures, low intake of calcium or vitamin D, and inadequate sun exposure are the risk factors associated with osteoporosis [7]
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