Association Between Mother–Child Dyads’ Dietary Patterns and Anemia in Ghana: Findings From the 2022 Demographic and Health Survey

Having a comprehensive understanding of a population's dietary patterns is a key component of any effective strategy for preventing malnutrition, planning, and putting nutrition interventions and policies into place. It's interesting to note that information on dietary patterns of Ghana's vulnerable subpopulations of women and children is lacking. The purpose of this study is to characterize the dietary patterns of women (15-49 years old) and their young children (0-3 years old), as well as to investigate into the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing the characterized dietary patterns. The sociodemographic information and food consumption of mother-child dyads (n = 1,548) were collected for this nationally representative cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis and multiple variable logistic regression were used, respectively, to determine the dietary patterns of dyads and the determinants of the identified dietary patterns. For women and children, respectively, four dietary patterns ('Beverage & sugary based', 'Meat based', 'Indigenous- tuber based' and 'Indigenous- grain based') and two ('Indigenous' and 'Milk, Meat, & cereal based') emerged. Ethnicity, wealth quintiles, parity, seasonality, dyad's age, body mass index, education, residency, marital status, and household size were the socioeconomic / demographic determinants of the dietary patterns. To sum up for women and children, meat based and indigenous staple based dietary patterns were identified, with several important socioeconomic and demographic variables acting as predictors of the dietary patterns. The identified dietary patterns and their determinants may serve as a basis for nutrition intervention and policies for women and children in Ghana.

Determinants of Dietary Patterns of Mother-Child Dyads in Ghana

High fertility rates in Tanzania contribute significantly to rapid population growth, posing challenges to socioeconomic development and straining the already burdened health system. The total fertility rate in Tanzania is 4.8 children per women. Women's ability to control the number of children they have influences population growth and is critical for improving maternal and child health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of women's desire to limit childbearing in Tanzania. This analytical cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. This study included 2,851 currently married women selected through a two-stage sampling method. Women who were sterilized, declared infecund, or unmarried were excluded. A modified Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimator was used to determine factors associated with the desire to limit childbearing. Adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of desire to limit childbearing was 20.2% (95% CI: 18.4-22.2). Women aged 25-34 years (APR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.34-6.28) and those aged 35-49 years (APR = 7.43, 95%CI: 3.42-16.11) were more likely to have a desire to limit childbearing compared to those aged 15-24 years. Women in primary education (APR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.08-1.69), women in the rich quintile (APR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.03-1.54), working women (APR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.31-1.95), increase in the number of children (APR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.21-1.30) were associated with a higher prevalence of the desire to limit childbearing. One in five women in Tanzania expressed a desire to limit childbearing. This desire was associated with various demographic and obstetric factors. Addressing this requires a multifaceted strategy that expands family planning awareness and improves access to sexual and reproductive health services, while reducing sociodemographic and geographic disparities.

In Nepal, abortion was legalized in 2002; however, national-level evidence on the factors influencing abortion practices remains limited. This study explored the predictors of induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Nepal using data from the most recent nationally representative survey. We analyzed data from the 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), which employed a nationally representative design. The analytic sample consisted of 14,845 women aged 15-49 years. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations were examined using the Rao-Scott chi-square test. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through multivariable Poisson regression to identify determinants of abortion. Overall, 19% of women reported having ever terminated a pregnancy. The prevalence of abortion was higher among women aged 45-49 years (aPR = 5.009, 95% CI: 3.437-7.302, p < 0.001), those with only basic education (aPR = 1.181, 95% CI: 1.075-1.298, p = 0.001), women with six or more children (aPR = 4.024, 95% CI: 2.950-5.490, p < 0.001), frequent internet users (aPR = 1.141, 95% CI: 1.026-1.270, p = 0.015), and women who listened to radio weekly (aPR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.021-1.218, p = 0.015). In contrast, reduced prevalence was observed among women from poorer households (aPR = 0.838, 95% CI: 0.741-0.947, p = 0.005), those watching television once weekly (aPR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.794-0.961, p = 0.006), and Buddhist women (aPR = 0.792, 95% CI: 0.679-0.924, p = 0.003). Induced abortion remains relatively common in Nepal. Key determinants include maternal age, parity, education level, household wealth, religious affiliation, and media exposure. To reduce reliance on abortion and improve reproductive health outcomes, policies should expand access to modern contraceptives and comprehensive reproductive health services. Interventions must particularly prioritize older and multiparous women, those with limited education, and women from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds who may face barriers to contraception and safe services, alongside populations highly exposed to internet and radio platforms.

IntroductionAnemia remains a major public health problem for children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Iron-rich foods consumption has a determinant role on the anemia status. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of good consumption of iron-rich foods and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in SSA.Materials and methodsThe recent Demographic and Health Survey data sets of thirty-five SSA countries were used. Data were analyzed using STATA/MP version 16.0 and all statistical analyses were done after weighting the data. A generalized linear mixed model using Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to determine factors associated with good consumption of iron-rich food. Association of variables was declared at a p-value of ≤0.05 and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each variable.ResultsThe total weighted samples of 77,001 children aged 6–23 months were included. The prevalence of consumption of iron rich foods was 42.1% (95% CI: 41.78–42.48). Children with age of 12–17 (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.89–2.04) and 18–23 months (aPR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.97–2.14), who took drugs for intestinal parasites (aPR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.26–1.34), with postnatal check within 2 months (aPR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.13), and children from women with ANC visit of 1–3 (aPR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.24–1.37) and ≥4 (aPR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34–1.48) had higher prevalence of good consumption of iron rich foods. Moreover, the prevalence of consumptions of iron rich foods was higher among children from; family with rich (aPR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.30–1.42) and middle (aPR = 1.14 95% CI: 1.09–1.19) wealth index, and mother with media exposure (aPR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.22–1.31).ConclusionThe prevalence of good consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6–23 months in SSA countries is low. Child factors, family factors, and community-level factors were significantly associated with consumption of iron rich foods. Strategies to increase the consumption of iron-rich foods during this critical stage of growth and development should be designed in SSA.

BackgroundAnemia is a global public health problem but the burden of anemia is disproportionately borne among children in developing countries. Anemia in early stages of life has serious consequences on the growth and development of the children. We examine the prevalence of anemia, possible association between anemia and different socio-economic, demographic, health and other factors among children with ages from 6 to 59 months from the nationally representative 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS).MethodsData on hemoglobin (Hb) concentration among the children aged 6–59 months from the most recent BDHS (2011) were used. This nationally representative survey allowed a multistage stratified cluster sampling design and provided data on a wide range of indicators such as fertility, mortality, women and child health, nutrition and other background characteristics. Anemia status was determined using hemoglobin level (<11.0 g/dl), and weighted prevalence of childhood anemia along with 95 % confidence intervals were provided. We also examined the distribution of weighted anemia prevalence across different groups and performed logistic regression to assess the association of anemia with different factors.ResultsA total of 2171 children aged 6–59 months were identified for this analysis, with weighted prevalence of anemia being 51.9 % overall- 47.4 % in urban and 53.1 % in rural regions. Results of a multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, children below 24 months of age (odds ratio, [OR] 3.01; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.38-3.81), and those from an anemic mother (OR 1.80; 95 % CI 1.49-2.18) were at higher risk of anemia. Childhood anemia was significantly associated with chronic malnutrition of child, source of drinking water, household wealth and geographical location (defined by division).ConclusionsA high prevalence of anemia among 6–59 months aged children was observed in Bangladesh. Given the negative impact of anemia on the development of children in future, there is an urgent need for effective and efficient remedial public health interventions.

BackgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing and counseling is recommended for people with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). In Myanmar, HIV testing and its predictors among those with STI in general population is unknown.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from Myanmar demographic and health survey 2015–16. We included all women and men aged 15–49 years that reported having STI in the past 12 months. Self-reported HIV testing and its predictors were assessed (using modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates). We have provided weighted estimates as the analyses were weighted for the multistage sampling design.ResultsOf 998 self-reported STIs, 96 [9.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5, 12.1] had been tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Respondents who were residing in hilly regions [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.28, 95% CI: 1.29, 4.04] were more likely to have taken the HIV test. However, people in the poorest quintile (aPR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.96) and those who were staying at the current residence for more than 12 months (aPR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.79) were less likely to have taken HIV test.ConclusionThere is a necessity to promote HIV literacy and HIV testing among those with STI with focus on the poorest populations.

BackgroundTimely and appropriate treatment for childhood illness saves the lives of millions of children. In low-middle-income countries such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), poor healthcare-seeking behavior for childhood illnesses is identified as a major contributor to the increased risk of child morbidity and mortality. However, studies are limited on Factors associated with mother's healthcare-seeking behavior for symptoms of acute respiratory infection in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo examine factors associated with a mother's healthcare-seeking behavior for symptoms of acute respiratory infection in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted based on the latest Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 36 sub-Saharan African countries. A total weighted sample of 16,925 mothers who had under-five children with acute respiratory infection symptoms was considered. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio (MOR), and Likelihood Ratio (LR) tests were done to assess the presence of clustering. Model comparison was made based on deviance (-2LLR) value. Variables with a p-value < 0.2 in the bivariable multilevel robust Poisson analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, the Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of the association.ResultsThe prevalence of mother's healthcare-seeking behavior for symptoms of acute respiratory infection in under-five children in SSA was 64.9% (95% CI: 64.2%, 65.7%). In the multivariable analysis; mothers who attained primary education (APR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.15), secondary education (APR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.18), and higher education (APR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.27), belonged to the richest household (APR = 1.07: 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12), had media exposure (APR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.15), currently working (APR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.11), had ANC use (APR = 1.25: 95% CI: 1.17, 1.35), health facility delivery (APR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.14), belonged to West Africa (APR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) and being in the community with high media exposure (APR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1,07) were significantly associated with higher prevalence of mother's healthcare-seeking behavior for symptoms of acute respiratory infection in under-five children. On the other hand, distance to a health facility (APR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.91), and being in central Africa (APR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.91) were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of mother's healthcare-seeking behavior for symptoms of acute respiratory infection in under-five children.ConclusionMother's healthcare-seeking behavior for symptoms of acute respiratory infection in under-five children. It was influenced by maternal education, maternal working status, media exposure, household wealth status, distance to the health facility, and maternal health care service use. Any interventions aiming at improving maternal education, maternal healthcare services, and media access are critical in improving mothers' healthcare-seeking behavior for symptoms of acute respiratory infection in under-five children, hence lowering the prevalence of ARI-related death and morbidity.

BackgroundMajor policy agendas are calling for accelerated investment in research that addresses the impact of diet patterns on multiple domains of sustainability. ObjectivesTo evaluate the comparative greenhouse gas emissions, diet cost, and diet quality of plant-based, low-grain, restricted carbohydrate, low-fat, and time-restricted diet patterns on a daily per capita basis. MethodsDietary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016, n = 4025) were merged with data on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and food prices from multiple databases. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 was used to measure diet quality. ResultsThe plant-based diet pattern had the lowest GHGEs [3.5 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq); 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3, 3.8 kg CO2eq] and among the lowest diet cost ($11.51; 95% CI: $10.67, $12.41), but diet quality (45.8; 95% CI: 43.3, 48.5) was similar (P > 0.005) to most other diet patterns. All of the sustainability impacts of the low-grain diet pattern were intermediate. The restricted carbohydrate diet pattern had the highest diet cost ($18.46; 95% CI: $17.80, $19.13) but intermediate diet quality (46.8; 95% CI: 45.7, 47.9) and moderate-to-high GHGEs (5.7 kg CO2eq; 95% CI: 5.4, 5.9 kg CO2eq). The low-fat diet pattern had the highest diet quality (52.0; 95% CI: 50.8, 53.1) and intermediate GHGEs (4.4 kg CO2eq; 95% CI: 4.1, 4.6 kg CO2eq) and diet cost ($14.53; 95% CI: $13.73, $15.38). The time-restricted diet pattern had among the lowest diet quality score (42.6; 95% CI: 40.8, 44.6), had GHGEs similar to most other diet patterns (4.6 kg CO2eq; 95% CI: 4.2, 5.0 kg CO2eq), and low-to-moderate diet cost ($12.34; 95% CI: $11.38, $13.40). ConclusionsMost diet patterns are associated with sustainability trade-offs. The nature of these trade-offs can help inform discussions on food and nutrition policy in the United States, including the National Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health, and future Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

To characterize the relationship between child faeces disposal and child growth in low- and middle-income countries. We analysed caregiver responses and anthropometric data from Demographic and Health Surveys (2005-2014) for 202614 children under five and 82949 children under two to examine the association between child faeces disposal and child growth. Child faeces disposal in an improved toilet was associated with reduced stunting for children under five [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR)=0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-0.92] and a 0.12 increase in height-for-age z-score (HAZ; 95% CI: 0.10-0.15) among all households. Among households with improved sanitation access, practicing improved child faeces disposal was still associated with a decrease in stunting (aPR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96) and a 0.09 increase in HAZ (95% CI: 0.06-0.13). Improved child faeces disposal was also associated with reductions in underweight and wasting, and an increase in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), but not an increase in weight-for-height z-score (WHZ). Community coverage level of improved child faeces disposal was also associated with stunting, with 75-100% coverage associated with the greatest reduction in stunting. Child faeces disposal in an unimproved toilet was associated with reductions in underweight and wasting, but not stunting. Improved child faeces disposal practices could achieve greater reductions in child undernutrition than improving toilet access alone. Additionally, the common classification of child faeces disposal as 'safe' regardless of the type of toilet used for disposal may underestimate the benefits of disposal in an improved toilet and overestimate the benefits of disposal in an unimproved toilet.

Background The association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and offspring’s risk of paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) is largely unknown. Therefore, we explored this link in mother-child dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Methods The DNBC is a nationwide cohort of pregnant mothers from Denmark enrolled between 1996 and 2002. In gestational week 25, a food frequency questionnaire assessed maternal intakes of &amp;gt;360 foods during the previous four weeks. The foods were divided into 37 groups, and intakes of the food groups (g/day) were z-score normalised to make them comparable. K-means cluster analysis determined maternal dietary patterns by grouping mother-child dyads into mutually exclusive clusters based on maternal intakes of the 37 food groups. The children were followed from birth to their 18-year birthday through national patient registries using their personal identification number. Medical information from the registries was used to identify the children who developed pIBD, defined as ≤18 years of age when they received their first IBD diagnosis (n=182). Cox proportional hazards model analysed associations of maternal dietary patterns with offspring’s hazard ratios (HR) for pIBD, using the most common pattern as the reference. Analyses were adjusted for parental IBD diagnosis and maternal educational level, gestational weight gain, smoking, energy intake, nutritional supplement use, and antibiotics use. Results The study included 63,877 singleton mother-child dyads from the DNBC. K-means cluster analysis identified five dietary patterns among the mothers: a diverse dietary pattern (n=16,386), a Western-like dietary pattern (n=22,901), a plant-rich dietary pattern (n=17,541), an animal-based dietary pattern (n=4,473), and a non-recommended dietary pattern (n=2,576). Mothers with a diverse dietary pattern had high intakes of most food groups, especially meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, potatoes, desserts, and legumes. This dietary pattern reduced offspring’s risk of pIBD by 44% compared to the Western-like dietary pattern (HR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35-0.91), which was attributed to a decreased risk of Crohn’s disease (HR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.22-0.76) but not ulcerative colitis (HR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.38-1.39). No associations with pIBD were found for the plant-rich, animal-based, and non-recommended dietary patterns compared to the Western-like dietary pattern (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Conclusion In this prospective cohort study, we found that adhering to a diverse diet during pregnancy, characterised by high intakes of various food groups, protects the offspring against pIBD. Future studies should explore whether specific food groups or nutrients drive this association.

Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is associated with gestational complications and adverse birth outcomes. Dietary intake is closely related to EGWG; however, evidence of the association between different dietary patterns and EGWG is inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate this association using articles from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases published up to March 1st 2023 and included observational studies revealing an association between EGWG and dietary patterns during pregnancy. Dietary patterns were categorized into three groups: healthy, unhealthy, and mixed. Summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the fixed-effects (I2 < 50%) or random-effects model (I2 ≥ 50%). Fourteen studies from eleven countries, including a total of 77,550 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect of healthy dietary patterns on EGWG was non-significant. After excluding one result in overweight participants, a significant negative association between healthy dietary patterns and EGWG was found in studies with a priori defined healthy dietary patterns (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00, P = 0.047), with sample size <1000 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48-0.97, P = 0.031), and cohort studies (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00, P = 0.043). Overall analysis revealed a significant association between unhealthy dietary patterns and EGWG (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45, P = 0.031), and the results were similar in sub-groups of cohort studies (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02-1.49, P = 0.009) and those with a sample size < 1000 (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.61, P = 0.03). A healthy dietary pattern instead of an unhealthy dietary pattern is recommended for pregnant women to prevent EGWG. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42023404179.

BackgroundTeenage pregnancy is a global issue raising concerns for all who are interested in the health and well-being of young women and their children. It carries major health and social issues with unique medical and psychosocial consequences for both adolescents and society in general. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Multi-stage simple random sampling procedure was used to select 2258 female teenagers. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered into EpiData and analyzed using stata software. The Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to examine the association of the independent variable with teenage pregnancy. An adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was reported.ResultsThe prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.3, 32.1). Age 16–17 years old (APR=7.05; 95% CI: 4.15,11.96), 17–18 years old (APR=9.85; 95% CI: 5.72,16.98), not being in school (APR=2.83; 95% CI: 1.93,4.16), lack of formal education (APR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.03,1.19), being married (APR=3.59; 95% CI: 2.83,4.56), parental divorce (APR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.08,1.42), having elder sister who had a history of teenage pregnancy (APR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.02,1.21), and not knowing fertile period in menstrual cycle (APR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.16,1.47) were independently associated with teenage pregnancy.ConclusionOne in three teenagers had been pregnant. Age, not being in school, lack of formal education, being married, parental divorce, having an elder sister who had a history of teenage pregnancy, and not knowing fertile period during the menstrual cycles were the factors associated with teenage pregnancy. In Ethiopia, further efforts are required in the prevention of teenage pregnancy, keeping girls in school and strengthening the policy of delaying child marriage, particularly in rural areas.

Background: Studies investigating the effects of dietary intake on serum uric acid (SUA) and hyperuricemia have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the associations between various dietary patterns and SUA levels as well as hyperuricemia. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for relevant articles examining the association between dietary intake and SUA levels and/or hyperuricemia published until March 2023. Dietary intake patterns were classified into plant-based, animal-based, and mixed dietary patterns based on predominant foods. The pooled effect sizes of eligible studies and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Results: We included 41 studies, comprising 359 317 participants, that investigated the effects of dietary patterns on SUA levels (n = 25) and hyperuricemia (n = 19). Our findings suggested that a plant-based dietary pattern was associated with decreased SUA levels in both interventional (standard mean difference: -0.24 mg dL-1, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.06; I2 = 61.4%) and observational studies (odds ratio (OR): 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.95, I2 = 91.1%); this association was stronger in men (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.58; I2 = 0). We observed that plant- and animal-based dietary patterns were associated with a reduced risk (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.83, I2 = 93.3%) and an increased risk (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.59, I2 = 88.4%) of hyperuricemia, respectively. Conclusions: Collectively, a plant-based dietary pattern is negatively associated with SUA levels and hyperuricemia. Therefore, a plant-based dietary pattern should be recommended for the management of SUA levels and the prevention of hyperuricemia.

Double burden of malnutrition has been reported in Nigeria. However, there is a dearth of information about its occurrence at the household-level, and the associated factors. Understanding this will help in designing appropriate intervention programmes. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition at household-level and to identify the associated factors. This was a population-based study using 10,256 mother-child dyads from the Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS) data. The double burden of malnutrition at household-level was defined as the co-existence of overweight/obesity in the mother and undernutrition (stunting, underweight, wasting, thinness and anaemia) in her child. A wide range of explanatory variables were included at child (age, sex, size at birth, twin status, birth order, breastfeeding status, dietary diversity), mother (age, education, marital status, occupation, parity, dietary diversity), household (household head, size, water source, toilet facilities, wealth index) and community levels (residence, region). A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors, and the adjusted odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were reported, with level of significance set at p < 0.05. STATA (version 17) was used for data analysis. The prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition was 12.2%. The mean ages (and standard deviations) of the children and their mothers were 31.8 ± 16.0 months and 30.3 ± 6.8 years respectively. After fully adjusting for all explanatory variables, factors that remained significantly associated with the double burden of malnutrition were children > 24 months (OR: 0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.9 compared with < 24 months), multiple births (OR: 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.4, compared with single birth), mother’s age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04), secondary education (OR: 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.2, compared with nil education), mothers who attained minimum dietary diversity (OR: 0.8; 95% CI 0.7–1.0, compared with those who did not), richest wealth index (OR: 2.9; 95% CI 1.8–4.9, compared with poorest wealth index) and South South (OR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.4, compared with North Central region). The double burden of malnutrition in this study was associated with child (age, multiple gestation), mother (age, education and dietary diversity), household (wealth index) and community (region) factors. Findings highlight the need for integrated policies addressing both child undernutrition and maternal obesity, targeting socioeconomic and regional inequalities to reduce Nigeria’s double burden of malnutrition.