Abstract
BackgroundTo examine the association of handgrip strength (HGS) and bone mineral density (BMD) of Brazilian children and adolescents.MethodsThe sample included 243 children and adolescents aged from 4 to 15 years (9.3 ± 2.2 years), 171 males and 72 females. The following measurements were performed: weight, height, trunk length, and years to the peak height velocity (PHV). The percentage lean soft tissue (PLST), percentage fat mass (PFM), and BMD were obtained using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and HGS using a dynamometer.ResultsIn girls, HGS was positively associated with higher BMD, even after the adjustments, by arms [β = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [β = 0.014; p < 0.001], pelvis [β = 0.019; p < 0.001], trunk [β = 0.013; p < 0.001], spine [β = 0.013; p = 0.008], and total body [β = 0.009; p < 0.001]. The same occurred in the boys, even after the adjustments a positive relationship was observed, whereas higher HGS was related to greater BMD in arms [β = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [β = 0.017; p < 0.001], pelvis [β = 0.014; p < 0.001], trunk [β = 0.009; p < 0.001], spine [β = 0.008; p < 0.001], and total body [β = 0.007; p < 0.001].ConclusionHGS was positively associated to BMD in boys and girls, regardless of age, PHV, PLST, and PFM.
Highlights
Bone mineral density is defined as the bone mineral mass per unit area in grams by square centimeters, and the bone mineral content is the mineral mass component of bone in the form of hydroxyapatite, commonly measured in grams [1]
In girls, handgrip strength (HGS) was positively associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD), even after the adjustments, by arms [β = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [β = 0.014; p < 0.001], pelvis [β = 0.019; p < 0.001], trunk [β = 0.013; p < 0.001], spine [β = 0.013; p = 0.008], and total body [β = 0.009; p < 0.001]
The same occurred in the boys, even after the adjustments a positive relationship was observed, whereas higher HGS was related to greater BMD in arms [β = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [β = 0.017; p < 0.001], pelvis [β = 0.014; p < 0.001], trunk [β = 0.009; p < 0.001], spine [β = 0.008; p < 0.001], and total body [β = 0.007; p < 0.001]
Summary
Bone mineral density is defined as the bone mineral mass per unit area in grams by square centimeters, and the bone mineral content is the mineral mass component of bone in the form of hydroxyapatite, commonly measured in grams [1]. For muscle tissue variables, muscle strength has been considered an important predictor of muscular responses [6]. For this reason, it has received great attention in studies investigating the association with bone tissue variables, such as bone mineral density. The usefulness of handgrip strength has been confirmed in studies that show lower handgrip strength associated with lower bone mineral density, mainly in women [7], and a high incidence of fractures in older adults [8]. To examine the association of handgrip strength (HGS) and bone mineral density (BMD) of Brazilian children and adolescents
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