Abstract
BackgroundInformation regarding dietary patterns associated with prediabetes in the Chinese population is lacking. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between major dietary patterns and the risk of prediabetes in a middle-aged Chinese population.MethodsA total of 1761 participants (aged 45 to 59 years) were recruited in Hangzhou city, the capital of Zhejiang Province, China from June 2015 to December 2016. Dietary information was obtained by interview using a 138-item, validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of prediabetes with adjustment of potential confounding variables.ResultsThree dietary patterns were ascertained by factor analysis and labeled as traditional southern Chinese, Western, and grains-vegetables patterns. After controlling of the potential confounders, participants in the top quartile of the Western pattern scores had greater odds ratio (OR) for prediabetes (OR = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.068–2.059; P = 0.025) than did those in the bottom quartile. Compared with those in the bottom quartile, participants in the top quartile of the grains-vegetables pattern scores had a lower OR for prediabetes (OR = 0.83; 95% CI:0.747–0.965; P = 0.03). Besides, no statistically significant association was observed in the association between the traditional southern Chinese pattern and prediabetes risk (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that the Western pattern was associated with higher risk, and the grains-vegetables pattern was associated with lower risk of prediabetes. Future prospective studies are required to validate our findings.
Highlights
Prediabetes is a condition of abnormal glucose homoeostasis such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or a combination of both [1]
Dietary pattern analysis is widely accepted in the realm of nutritional epidemiology as a more recognizable approach for assessing the relationship between diet and diseases, because it takes into account the complexity of whole-diet and potentially facilitates nutritional recommendations [10]
The characteristics of study participants with and without prediabetes are shown in Table 1.There were significant differences for age, smoking status, education, income, and the prevalence of obesity between participants with and without prediabetes(P < 0.05)
Summary
Prediabetes is a condition of abnormal glucose homoeostasis such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or a combination of both [1]. A substantial amount of research has explored the influence of diet, a modifiable risk factor on diabetes risk, and the majority of these studies have examined individual foods or nutrients and their effect on diabetes [7, 8]. A recent meta-analysis by Jannasch et al, indicated that diets according to the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) had a strong potential for preventing diabetes [20]. A recent systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies demonstrated that greater adherence to plant-based dietary patterns, especially when they are enriched with healthful plant-based foods, may be beneficial for the primary prevention of T2DM [21]. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between major dietary patterns and the risk of prediabetes in a middle-aged Chinese population
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