Association Between Daily Lifestyle and Physical Fitness Among Adults Based on Chinese National Physical Fitness Monitoring

BMI, leisure-time physical activity, and physical fitness in adults in China: results from a series of national surveys, 2000–14

Impact of Cerebral Palsy on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adults: Systematic Review

Objective: Investigating the effect of combined aerobic and strength training on metabolic and physical fitness in adults with intellectual disabilities compared to endurance training and no training. Design: A controlled trial with patients receiving either combined (COM), endurance (END) or no training (C). Setting: Two centres for intellectual disabilities (Sterrenhuis, Brasschaat and Emiliani, Lokeren, Belgium). Subjects: Forty-five adults with intellectual disabilities (mean age: 42 (9,2), mean body mass index (BMI): 24 (3,9), mean IQ: 56 (5,6)). Intervention: Combined exercise training (n = 15) and endurance training (n = 15) twice a week for 70 minutes per session for 20 weeks and no training (n = 15). Groups were matched for age, sex and intellectual disability. Main measures: Lipid profile, physical fitness (primary); blood pressure and body composition. Results: Compared to no training, combined exercise training has significant positive effects on total cholesterol levels, aerobic capacity, muscle strength and resting systolic blood pressure, while endurance exercise training has significant effects on aerobic capacity and resting systolic blood pressure. Compared to endurance training, combined exercise training resulted in a significant better evolution of total cholesterol (mean differences: −18 versus −3 mg/dl), 1RM upper (+6 versus +1 kg) and lower limb (+25 versus +8 kg) and abdominal muscles (+15 versus +1 kg), hand grip strength (+9 versus +2 kg), muscle fatigue resistance (+11 versus +5 sec), sit-to-stand (+5 versus +2/30 sec) and systolic blood pressure (−15 versus −10 mmHg). Conclusion: This study revealed a tendency towards more beneficial effects of combined exercise training in adults with intellectual disability.

High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In this study, we make a quantitative research on adult physical fitness level by using multivariate statistical analysis methods and econometric models. Based on the data of national physical fitness from Gansu province, we firstly apply factor analysis to study the distribution status of adult physical level of Gansu province. Then, we analyze the influencing factors of eligible rate on the adult physical fitness about Gansu Province by Logistic model. The results show that adult physical fitness of cities in Gansu decreases in the following order: Wuwei, Lanzhou, Tianshui, Jiuquan, Linxia, Qingyang. We also discover that gender had little effect on the eligible rate of adult physical fitness in Gansu, while age had greater impact on the eligible rate of adult physical fitness.

The purpose of this study was to describe the change in physical fitness of middle-aged adults with an intellectual disability over a period of 13 years. Participants were 32 adults who worked in a supported work environment in Montreal and had been participants in a physical fitness study in 1983. Using the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness, the participants were evaluated for cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. A home visit prior to the testing session refamiliarized the participants with the test procedures. Two forms of analysis were used to describe the change in fitness over 13 years. First, a 2 × 2 (Group × Time) analysis of variance for each dependent variable assessed change over time. Second, effect sizes were calculated to measure the magnitude of change in fitness over the 13-year period in comparison to those without an intellectual disability. As expected, te physical fitness levels of the participants were low when compared to those without a disability and declined over the 13 years. In addition, the magnitude of change over the 13 years, as compared to those without a disability, was greater for male and female participants for body mass index and percentage of body fat and for female participants for cardiovascular endurance and sit-ups. It appears that adults with an intellectual disability may be particularly at risk for declining health associated with aging and low physical fitness.

Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically have a sedentary lifestyle and higher rates of overweight and obesity. This study describes the habitual daily physical activity (PA) and the health-related physical fitness (PF) of adults with mild and moderate ID who resided in four group homes and worked in sheltered workshops. We also assessed the contribution of PF variables towards PA levels and sedentary behavior of this population subgroup. Adults with mild and moderate ID (N = 114) were assessed on PF tests (percent body fat, waist and hip circumferences, 6-min walk (6MWT), arm curl, and sit and reach). PA and sedentary behavior on weekdays were determined using Actigraph accelerometers. Results showed these adults averaged 2% of their daily time (or 10 min) engaged in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and 67% of the time (495 min) being sedentary. No significant differences between mild and moderate ID were found for any PA or PF variable. Linear multiple regression analyses showed 6MWT to be the only significant PF variable contributing to the variance of PA and sedentary behavior. In conclusion, adults with ID reside in group home have low PA and low fitness levels. Among fitness variables, the walking test (i.e., cardiovascular fitness) had the highest positive association with participants’ daily PA, MVPA, and negative association with sedentary behavior. Future intervention studies in promoting PA and fitness for adults with ID are warranted.

The characteristics and effects of exercise interventions on improving physical fitness in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: This cross-sectional study assessed the associations of gender, age, level of intellectual disabilities (IDs) and of daily sedentary and physical activity (PA) time with physical fitness in adults with ID. Materials and methods: Sixty adults (mean age = 39.19 ± 11.70 years) with ID participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was monitored for 7 days using an ActiGraph GT3X monitor. Physical fitness was measured with a 6-min walking test, isometric push-up test, modified curl-up test, handgrip strength test, and back-saver sit-and-reach test. Results: (a) An age of ≥39 years and female gender were associated with lower performance in multiple aspects of physical fitness. (b) More moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with greater muscular strength and endurance (modified curl-ups: β = 0.36, p < 0.01; handgrip strength: right, β = 0.52, p < 0.01; left, β = 0.52, p < 0.01). (c) More light-intensity PA (LPA) was associated with greater upper-body muscular endurance (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) and greater flexibility (right leg: β = 0.36, p < 0.01; left leg: β = 0.38, p < 0.01). Conclusion: LPA may be as beneficial as MVPA to the physical fitness of adults with ID. Future studies should focus on developing effective PA interventions for adults with ID, especially for women and individuals aged ≥39 years, by incorporating both LPA and MVPA.

PurposePeople with intellectual disabilities have lower levels of physical fitness compared with peers without intellectual disability, because of the high levels of sedentary behaviour in this population. This study aims to know the relationship between quality of life and physical fitness in adults with intellectual disability.Design/methodology/approachNinety-six adults with intellectual disability were assessed with quality of life questionnaire and physical fitness tests, which involve balance, muscle strength, flexibility and aerobic condition.FindingsAdults with higher self-reported levels of quality of life reported higher levels of physical fitness in balance, muscular strength and flexibility. In contrast, in aerobic condition were not found significant correlations with self-reported quality of life.Originality/valueThese findings support the hypothesis that people with intellectual disability with lower levels of physical fitness could influence in their levels of quality of life. This insight is useful for improving treatments to improve physical fitness in this population.

Background: Sedentary behavior has been considered an independent risk factor to health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine associations between objectively measured sedentary time and physical fitness components in healthy adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Sport Discus) were searched (up to 20 September 2020) to retrieve studies on healthy adults which used observational, cohort and cross-sectional designs. Studies were included if sedentary time was measured objectively and examined associations with the health- or skill-related attributes of physical fitness (e.g., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance). After applying additional search criteria, 21 papers (11,101 participants) were selected from an initial pool of 5192 identified papers. Results: Significant negative associations were found between total sedentary time with cardiorespiratory fitness (r = −0.164, 95%CI: −0.240, −0.086, p < 0.001), muscular strength (r = −0.147, 95%CI: −0.266, −0.024, p = 0.020) and balance (r = −0.133, 95%CI: −0.255, −0.006, p = 0.040). Conclusions: The evidence found suggests that sedentary time can be associated with poor physical fitness in adults (i.e., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and balance), so strategies should be created to encourage behavioral changes.

Introduction It has been documented that the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disabilities is less optimal than that of people without intellectual disabilities [1]. The prevalence of physical inactivity, poor diets, and obesity among people with intellectual disabilities is high [2].This may be attributed to their sedentary lifestyle, and associated with their health and mental condition. Temple and Walkley have reported that a low motivation to participate in physical activities, inadequate social support, unclear policies, and a lack of financial support are major factors inhibiting engagement in physical activities by people with intellectual disabilities [3]. Therefore, over time, their level of physical fitness and capacity to exercise will decrease. As a consequence, obesity rates will rise among this population, with resulting increases in the risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other chronic diseases. Background: Physical inactivity, poor diet habit, and poor dental hygiene are big concerns among people with intellectual disabilities that cause a rise in obesity rates with increases in the risk of chronic diseases as well as emotional problems. A healthy diet and regular physical activity can prevent chronic diseases. Proper oral hygiene may improve a person’s health and quality of life. Yet, the effects of physical activity, healthy diet and oral care programs on people with intellectual disabilities who live in shelter homes are lack. The present study investigated the influence of a program integrating physical activity, a healthy diet, and dental hygiene on the physical functions, body composition, exercise and dietary habits, and oral care of a group of adults with intellectual disabilities living in a shelter home. Citation: Tse MMY, Vong SKS, Heung R, Lam YLA (2014) The Effects of A Combined Exercise, Healthy Diet, and Dental Hygiene Program on Body Composition, Physical Condition, Eating Habits, and Dental Care for Shelter Home Residents with Intellectual Disabilities. J Nutr Health Sci 1(3): 303. doi: 10.15744/2393-9060.1.303 Methods: Residents living in a shelter home (27 males and 24 females) participated in a 10-month integrated program consisted of a series of physical activity, healthy diets, and dental hygiene regime delivered by nurse and physiotherapist. Body composition, physical functions, changes in exercise and eating habits and dental hygiene were measured before and after the program. Results: After the program the participants showed a trend of improvement on physical functions on the Timed Up and Go test, Sit to Stand, single leg standing and Berg Balance Scale. Moreover, they tended to exercise for a longer duration and performed more than one type of exercise. The skills on brushing teeth were significantly improved and more participants acquired correct dental knowledge. However, no significant improvements on the body composition and eating habit. Conclusion: The present program integrating physical exercise, a healthy diet, and dental hygiene led some clinical improvement in physical function and exercise habit after the program for people with intellectual disabilities living in a shelter home. Moreover, improvements were seen in their skill in brushing their teeth and in their dental knowledge. No significant change was seen in their body composition and eating habits.

Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities: evidence report of independent panel to assess the role of physical activity in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.

SummaryThis systematic review examined the effect of exercise training interventions on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and compared the effectiveness of different types of exercise training. Four electronic databases were searched. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials of exercise training interventions and their effect on maximal oxygen consumption or muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Changes in outcome parameters were analyzed using random effects meta‐analyses for different training types (aerobic, resistance, combined aerobic plus resistance, and high‐intensity interval training). Eighty‐eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of which 66 (3964 participants) could be included in the meta‐analyses. All training types increased VO2max (mean difference 3.82 ml/min/kg (95% CI 3.17, 4.48), P < 0.00001; I2 = 48%). In direct comparisons, resistance training was less effective in improving VO2max than aerobic training, HIIT was slightly more effective than aerobic training, and no difference between aerobic and combined aerobic plus resistance training was found. For muscle strength benefits, incorporation of resistance exercise in the training program is indicated. Exercise training increases VO2max and muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Differences between training types should be weighed with other needs and preferences when health professionals advise on exercise training to improve physical fitness.

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of exercise, physical activity, and sports on physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome (DS). A literature search was conducted across four databases EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The PEDro scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to assess the quality and risk of the studies, respectively. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023449627). Of the 423 records initially found, 13 were finally included in the systematic review, in which 349 adults with DS participated. 92% of the articles declared at least one significant difference post-intervention. The available evidence indicates that exercise, physical activity, and sports have a positive effect on some variables of physical fitness, especially strength, balance, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and functional capacity. Furthermore, it should be considered as an additional treatment or complementary therapy to improve the functionality and quality of life of adults with DS.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;