Abstract
BackgroundThere is biological evidence that the brain opioidergic system plays a critical role in the addictive properties of nicotine. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and the MOR-interacting proteins (including OPRM1, ARRB2, and HINT1) with smoking behaviors in Chinese men.MethodsA total of 284 subjects (including current and ex-smokers) were recruited. Special questionnaires were used to assess smoking behaviors including age of smoking initiation, daily cigarette consumption, and Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) score. Participant samples were genotyped for six SNPs in the opioid pathway genes: rs1799971 in OPRM1, rs1045280, rs2036657 and rs3786047 in ARRB2, rs3852209 and rs2278060 in HINT1. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine single-locus and haplotype-based association analyses.ResultsThere was no significant association between any of SNPs analyzed and smoking behaviors. Logistic regression analyses under dominant, recessive, and additive models showed no significant associations of the six SNPs with smoking status (current vs. ex-smokers). After adjustment for age at enrollment and smoking initiation age, HINT1 rs3852209 was significantly associated with smoking status with an OR of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.31-0.95; P = 0.03) under dominant inheritance model. No haplotypes in ARRB2 or HINT1 were related to smoking status.ConclusionsThe present study indicates no significant association between common genetic variations in MOR and MOR-interacting proteins and smoking behaviors in Chinese men, and gives suggestive evidence that HINT1 rs3852209 may be related to smoking status. The findings require confirmation from further studies in additional larger samples.
Highlights
Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the world
In 2010, the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) China conducted by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 28.1% of adults in China were current smokers, and the prevalence of smoking in men was significantly higher than that in women (52.9% vs. 2.4%) [1]
The demographic and clinical characteristics and smoking behaviors were shown by smoking status in Table 1
Summary
Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco use is responsible for the death of approximately six million people and causes hundreds of billions of dollars of economic loss worldwide each year [1]. In 2010, the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) China conducted by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 28.1% of adults in China were current smokers, and the prevalence of smoking in men was significantly higher than that in women (52.9% vs 2.4%) [1]. The same issue is confronting the patients with tobacco-related diseases. The percentage of current smokers accounting for the patients with tobacco-related diseases was compared to that of general population [4,5,6]. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and the MOR-interacting proteins (including OPRM1, ARRB2, and HINT1) with smoking behaviors in Chinese men
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