Association between chronic oral inflammatory burden and physical fitness in males: a cross-sectional observational study.

Abstract

To evaluate the association between chronic oral inflammatory burden (OIB) - as the combination of periodontal and endodontic disease load - and physical fitness. One hundred and twelve nonsmoker male police officers who performed a standardized physical fitness test (PFT) were analysed. Participants underwent oral clinical and periapical radiographic examinations. Periodontal disease was assessed by probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL). For radiographic analysis, both apical periodontitis (AP) and root canal treatment (RCT) variables were analysed. Endodontic Burden (EB) was calculated merging the total number of teeth with AP and/or RCT per individual. OIB was calculated combining EB and AL. The outcome of physical fitness was dichotomized according to whether the highest PFT score was 'achieved' or 'not-achieved'. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, body mass index and frequency of daily exercise. There was no significant association between AP, RCT and EB with physical fitness whereas PD, AL and OIB were significantly associated with low physical fitness (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that individuals with OIB=EB≥3 and AL≥4mm had a 81% lower chance of reaching the highest PFT score (OR=0.19, 95%CI=0.04-0.87, P=0.03) compared to individuals with EB<3 and and no AL≥4mm. Individuals with unfavourable periodontal parameters but with low EB (OIB=EB<3 & AL≥4mm) showed no significant differences on the chance to reach the highest PFT score compared to participants with favourable periodontal status and low EB (OIB=EB<3 & no AL≥4mm). The OIB - higher levels of EB in periodontal patients - was independently associated with poor physical fitness in males.