Abstract
BackgroundAmong Kazakh-Chinese population in Xinjiang province of China, prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 40.1% and 50.3% respectively, the highest across all ethnic groups residing in this pastureland. Despite this, there remained a dearth of information regarding the association between the anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) etc.] and indicators for hypertension control [achieved levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), pulse pressure index (PPI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) etc.] among them.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in Xinjiang to determine the distribution and inter-relationships of the anthropometric measures and indicators for achieved BP control as well as their predictors among hypertension patients of Kazakh-Chinese ethnicity. Out of 550 randomly selected patients, 516 completed the interview, anthropometry and BP assessments.ResultsIn the sample population, average SBP, DBP and PP were 156.26±24.40mmHg, 87.55±14.73mmHg and 68.71±19.39mmHg respectively. Bivariate analysis identified age, gender, education, duration of hypertension, WC and BMI being factors influencing the achieved levels of BP. Adjusted multiple linear regression models elicited positive associations of age (βa = 0.152, p = 0.001) and duration of hypertension (βa = 0.132, p = 0.003) with achieved level of SBP as well as BMI (βa = 0.135, p = 0.002) with DBP. Age (βa = 0.207, p<0.001) and WHtR (βa = 0.304, p = 0.005) were positively and WC (βa = -0.406, p<0.001) was negatively associated with PPI. Increasing age (βa = -0.125, p = 0.005), female gender (βa = -0.122, p = 0.005) and 5years’ duration of hypertension (βa = -0.091, p<0.039) were negatively associated with ABI. After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, hypertensive patients with (reference = without) abdominal obesity had 93% (p = 0.013) higher odds of missing the target BP control.ConclusionAnthropometric measures and indicators for blood pressure control among Kazakh-Chinese patients were far beyond normal. Several anthropometric measures appeared useful for monitoring BP. Using them, regular screening and consequent targeted intervention were required urgently to control hypertension among Kazakh-Chinese.
Highlights
Hypertension is regarded as one of the major contributing factor for the global burden of diseases[1]
Between June 2013 and February 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the distribution of the anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) etc.), indicators (SBP, diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure index (PPI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) etc.) for achieved levels of blood pressure (BP) control, their inter-relationship and predictors among Kazakh-Chinese hypertensive patients in Xinjiang pastureland in Western China
Using a stratified cluster random sampling strategy, hypertensive patients belonging to this minority group were recruited for the current study if they met all the following inclusion criteria: (a) systolic BP (SBP)!140mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP)!90mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication[19], (b) age!18 years, (c) not suffering from any cognitive dysfunctions, severe enough to prevent appropriate communication and (d) provided voluntary informed consent for participating in the study
Summary
Hypertension is regarded as one of the major contributing factor for the global burden of diseases[1]. In Xinjiang province, the scenario is even worse as evident from the observed hypertension prevalence of 40.1% (men: 42.1% vs women: 38.4%)[4]. In this province, persons belonging to Kazakh ethnicity have the highest prevalence of hypertension (50.3%), followed by Han (38.9%) and Uygur (32.9%) respectively[4]. Hypertension has become one of the major public health concerns among Kazakh-Chinese people. Among Kazakh-Chinese population in Xinjiang province of China, prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 40.1% and 50.3% respectively, the highest across all ethnic groups residing in this pastureland. There remained a dearth of information regarding the association between the anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) etc.] and indicators for hypertension control [achieved levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), pulse pressure index (PPI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) etc.] among them
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