Abstract
The effect of thymol and ivermectin on the development and embryonation of Toxocara vitulorum (T. vitulorum) eggs, as well as their migration in albino rats was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. A total of forty male albino rats were divided into four groups for an in vivo experiment. The first group was uninfected; the second group was infected but left untreated; the third group was infected and received thymol at a dose of 40mg/kg; and the fourth group was infected and received ivermectin (0.2mg/kg). In vitro, thymol inhibited the development of Toxocara larvae within the eggs. However, ivermectin, produced inconsistent results. The in vivo results indicated that the recovery rates of Toxocara larvae from the liver and lungs on day 7 post-infection were significantly lower in the thymol or ivermectin-treated groups than in the infected untreated control. Albumin levels were significantly increased in the thymol-treated group as compared to thepositive control and ivermectin groups.Nitric oxide, IL-4, and IFN- levels in the serum of the thymol or ivermectin-treated groups were significantly lower than that of thepositive control group. Histopathological examination demonstrated that thymol and ivermectin were effective in reducing larval load, reducing the number and size of granulomas in the absence of larvae, and improving tissuearchitecture. The current study concluded that thymol possessed anti-Toxocara activity in a rat model. Additionally, thymol possessed ovicidal properties and may be used as a disinfectant.
Highlights
Toxocariasis is gaining international attention and is listed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as one of the five most neglected parasitic infections (Macpherson 2013; Holland 2017)
The in vivo results indicated that the recovery rates of Toxocara larvae from the liver and lungs on day 7 post-infection were significantly lower in the thymol- or ivermectin-treated group than in the infected untreated control group
Humans became infected after consuming embryonated eggs found in soil, contaminated food, or encapsulated Toxocara larvae located in improperly cooked meat of paratenic hosts, such as chickens, sheep, and cattle (Macpherson 2013)
Summary
Toxocariasis is gaining international attention and is listed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as one of the five most neglected parasitic infections (Macpherson 2013; Holland 2017). T. vitulorum is an endemic infection found in tropical cattle and buffalo calves. In Egypt, T. vitulorum infection was prevalent in cattle and buffalo calves (El-Ashram and Aboelhadid 2019). The parasite is one of the most economically significant diseases as it affects young animals (one- to threemonth-old calves) because of maternal infection, frequently resulting in elevated mortality rates (Devi et al 2000). Humans became infected after consuming embryonated eggs found in soil, contaminated food, or encapsulated Toxocara larvae located in improperly cooked meat of paratenic hosts, such as chickens, sheep, and cattle (Macpherson 2013). Numerous clinical entities may be caused by larval migration, including visceral larval migrans (VLM), ocular larval migrans (OLM), and covert toxocariasis (Magnaval et al 2001; Roldán et al 2010)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
