Abstract
In this study, the components of the volatile oil obtained from Laurus nobilis leaves by steam distillation were determined using Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatography (GC) - 5975 Mass Spectrometry (MS). The antioxidant activities of different extracts of L. nobilis leaves were determined by using DPPH • (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay and ABTS •+ (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) cation radical decolorization assay. Determination of the total phenolic contents of L. nobilis leaf extracts were performed using the Folin-Ciocalteau procedure and total flavonoid contents were measured using a spectrophotometric assay. According to the GC/MS results, 1,8-cineole (46.16%), alpha -terpinyl acetate (10.62%), alpha -pinene (6.27%), terpinen-4-ol (5.07%) and sabinene (4.99%) were found to be the major compounds in volatile oil. The obtained volatile oil was used to make skin care lotion. Stability tests and organoleptic analyses of final product were performed after 1, 5, 30 and 90 days of production. The highest amounts of total flavonoid content were found to be 5.48 ± 0.65 and 8.60 ± 0.12 µg QEs/mg in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively. The highest amounts of total phenolic compounds were found to be 54.42 ± 0.14 and 25.32 ± 0.10 µg PEs/mg in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively. According to the results of ABTS •+ , DPPH • and β-carotene linoleic acid assays, ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most active extract (24.98±0.87 µg mL -1 , 75.65±0.77 µg mL -1 and 19.32±1.04 µg mL -1 ).
Highlights
Volatile oils are secondary plant metabolites, which are found in different parts of plants including flowers, roots, bark, leaves, seeds, peel, fruit and wood produced in cytoplasm and plastids of plant cells [1]
Water was HPLC grade (18.2 MΩ), purified by a Milipore Milli-Q (Molsheim, France) system that includes reverse osmosis, ion exchange and filtration steps. -carotene, tween-40, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), linoleic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), poly(acrylic acid sodium salt), alpha-tocopherol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany)
Volatile oil analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/mass spectrometer (MS)) instrument and 1,8-cineol (46.16%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (10.62%), alpha-pinene (6.27%), terpinen-4-ol (5.07%), sabinene (4.99%) and beta-pinene (4.47%) detected as major compounds among forty-eight components
Summary
Volatile oils are secondary plant metabolites, which are found in different parts of plants including flowers, roots, bark, leaves, seeds, peel, fruit and wood produced in cytoplasm and plastids of plant cells [1]. Some of the aromatic plants have a volatile oil formed mainly of aromatic compounds derived from allyl or isoallyl phenol. The main sources of volatile oils are medicinal and aromatic plants, which are widely used since ancient times in medicine, cosmetics and preserving and improving the flavor of foods. Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae), one of the main sources of plant volatile oils, is an evergreen shrub that can grow up to 8 meters tall. It has dark green leaves about 8-14 cm long and 3-4 cm wide [12, 13]. We performed stability tests and organoleptic tests on the final product
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