Abstract
The use of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and other measurements as biomarkers was investigated in liver of goby ( Z. ophiocephalus) and digestive gland of mussel ( M. galloprovincialis) from several sites in the Venice lagoon as part of the UNESCO-MURST Venice Lagoon Ecosystem Project. Most tissue contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, DDTs) and biochemical measurements varied seasonally. Elevated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and CYP1A-protein levels in goby were correlated with high tissue contaminant levels at the industrial Porto Marghera site. On occasions, activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and putative DT-diaphorase (resorufin reductase activity) in male but not female goby were also higher at Porto Marghera than other sites, but no differences were seen in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. A range of measurements (SOD, catalase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities, P450 and ‘418-peak’ contents) in mussel showed little difference between sites. However, indications were obtained of elevated levels of CYP1A1-like mRNA, CYP1A-like protein and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene to free metabolites in mussels from the Venice lagoon compared to a site in the Adriatic Sea. The studies demonstrate the usefulness of CYP1A as a biomarker for organic pollution in fish and indicate some potential for its application in molluscs.
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