Abstract
E&P of hydrocarbon along with shipping are the main sources of manmade noise in the ocean. But very few information on the noise from industry activities in Arctic is currently available. Over the next decade we expect the increasing level of anthropogenic sound in the Russian Arctic due to planned large scale construction of Oil&Gas projects including the Shtokman project in the Barents Sea, one of the world's largest natural gas deposits. Noise from seismic surveying, pile driving and construction can damage hearing or disquiet marine mammals. To protect marine mammals from pulsed noise of seismic survey, pile driving and chronic continuous noise at different stages of the Shtokman project construction we estimated the sizes of safety zones with SPL thresholds of 180 dB (zone of injury) and 120 dB for continuous noise (behavior disturbance). Modeling of the transmission loss was done by Normal Mode and PDPE models based on the environmental characteristics in the Barents Sea and real spectra of noise sources—construction vessels and seismic airgun array. The results demonstrate changes in the Safety Zones footprints depending on the stage of construction, season, specific environmental conditions like ice cover interface or presence of gas saturated sedimentary layer.
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