Abstract
Temporal Satellite Remote Sensing data of a river system of highly unstable bank can be analyzed in GIS environment for identification of river bank erosion as well as patches of embankment vulnerable to breaching. A case study was carried out in the Subansiri River, a tributary of river Brahmaputra of Assam, in India to identify locations of bank erosion and corresponding patches of embankment vulnerable to breaching. Temporal dataset of cartosat-1 imagery for the year 2007 and 2009 were used for mapping the flow channel of river Subansiri. Embankments present in the river were mapped from the cartosat-1 data with the help of embankment index map collected from Assam State Water Resource Department. Based on the degree of convergence and narrowness between the flow channel and embankment, some patches of embankment identified as vulnerable to breaching and classified as very high, high and moderate vulnerable to breaching. Three patches of embankment were identified as very high vulnerable to breaching which came to be true in successive flood season of 2010. The method may be a good tool for predicting embankment vulnerability to breaching due to bank erosion and can be implemented for planning of river bank protection work and preparedness for flood season for a flood prone state like Assam.
Highlights
Subansiri is one of the largest tributaries of river Brahmaputra [7]
The silt which used to be deposited in the flood plain, gets deposited inside the river channel leading to rising of river bed which again leads to increase the frequency of high flood
The present study describes to identify stretches of embankment of Subansiri River vulnerable to breaching due to bank erosion and changes in channel
Summary
Subansiri is one of the largest tributaries of river Brahmaputra [7]. It originates in the Himalaya, in China. Integration of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS), make it appropriate and ideal for studying and monitoring of river bank erosion, changes of channel configuration and the orientations between the river channel and its embankments. Various studies in this regards have been carried out for some major rivers [3, 5, 12 and 13]. Space Application Centre (SAC) Ahmadabad in India and Brahmaputra Board Guwahati jointly studied to assess the extent of river erosion in Majuli Island in order to identify and delineate the areas of the island which have undergone changes along the bank line due to dynamic behavior of the river [9]. Assessment of River Bank Erosion and Vulnerability of Embankment to Breaching: A RS and GIS
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