Assessment of Pancreatic Hardness—Surgeon versus Durometer

Abstract

This study reports the first results of durometrically measured hardness of human pancreas and investigates its correlation to palpatory determined hardness, grade of pancreatic fibrosis, and preoperatively determined radiodensity. Fifty-two patients with pancreatic resections were prospectively recruited. Hardness of samples from pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and normal pancreas was measured using a durometer on a 0-100 Shore units (SU) scale. Three pancreatic surgeons palpated the pancreas and reported their assessment of hardness on a subjective 0-100 "Bochum units" (BU) scale. Radiodensity and fibrosis of pancreatic tissue were used for comparison. Pancreatic hardness differed significantly in normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer; 30 SU, 51 SU, and 65.8 SU, respectively. Palpatory hardness of normal pancreas was 20 BU and of pancreatitis 60 BU. It correlated well to durometric readings: r(2)=0.56, P<0.00001. Fibrosis grade and radiodensity correlated neither to durometry nor to palpation. Pancreatic leak developed 4/20 (20%) patients with normal pancreas vs. 1/32 (3.1%) with chronic pancreatitis in the resection margin, P<0.05. Palpatory assessment of pancreatic hardness performed by experienced surgeons correlated well to durometric measurements and remains the method of choice for intraoperative decision making. Durometry was more precise and should be considered in studies on pancreatic texture and for teaching purposes. Hardness and fibrosis grade appeared to be independent characteristics of pancreatic texture.