Abstract
The objective of this work was to describe average dietary intake, physical activity (PA) and nutritional status of the adult population of Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional survey, including one 24-h dietary recall, international physical activity questionnaire and anthropometric measurements was conducted in a representative sample of 120 adults. Mean (SD) for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were 23.06(4.20) kg/m2, 85.6(9.5) cm, 0.95(0.05) and 0.55(0.07), respectively. Significant differences were observed in height, body fat %, body muscle %, hip circumference, WHR, WHtR, fat mass index and hand grip strength between men and women (p < 0.05). Among the study group, 35.8% were overweight, 13.3% were obese and 11.7% were underweight. Central obesity was observed in 59.2%, 97.5% and 74.2% of adults by WC, WHR and WHtR, respectively. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score and dietary diversity score with portions were 4.77(1.28) and 4.09(1.32), respectively. Mean daily intake of protein, fruits, vegetables and dairy were well below the national recommendations. Despite the higher PA level, nearly half the population was overweight and obese and the majority was centrally obese. None of the dietary diversity scores met the optimal levels, suggesting poor quality and quantity of the diet.
Highlights
Diet, nutritional status and physical activity are recognized as major determinants of health and of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
The study population consisted of 68% (82 of 120) women and all the participants were Buddhists in religion
In accordance with Katulanda et al [8] and Jayawardena et al [50], we found significant differences in waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) between genders (p < 0.05)
Summary
Nutritional status and physical activity are recognized as major determinants of health and of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It has been widely recognized that the global NCD epidemic is associated with recent life style changes, especially dietary and nutritional factors. Sri. Lanka is a developing country undergoing substantial changes in its demographic and socio-economic environments, which imposed significant challenges on health and nutrition. Girandurukotte is located in the Uva province, dry zone of the country where the majority of the population is involved in farming as the main occupation. This area has been identified as a hotspot of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of uncertain etiology (CKDu), which is an emerging form of kidney disease that is not attributed to any conventional
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