Abstract
In the present paper, we report a reproducible, cost effective, fast response method for detection of malathion and its effects on leukocytes in different human blood groups. Spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis spectrometry) and Fourier transform infrared coupled with solid phase extraction were applied for analyzing malathion content in human blood plasma. The spiking levels of malathion in the range of 0.1-1.7 µg/mL were extracted from blood plasma samples using SPE. The present active functional groups (C = O; P-O-C; -OH; P = S) were also characterized. The recovery rate of malathion was 80%±4.5%. The calculated correlation coefficient was 0.9799, indicating the linearity of the results. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were (0.1-1.7) µg/mL and (0.3-1.5) µg/mL, respectively. Malathion <1.0 µg/mL showed no significant change while higher levels of malathion exposure (1.5 µg/mL and 3.0 µg/mL) reduced the number of white blood cells. In conclusion, the spectroscopic results may be useful to understand the mechanism of other pesticides such as methyl parathion and parathion.
Highlights
Malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide, may affect human blood cells through breathing or absorption through the skin
The objective of the present work was to determine the concentration of malathion and analyze its effects on leukocytes in human blood using spectroscopic techniques via solid phase extraction (SPE) steps and to calibrate the quantitative results of malathion obtained by UV-Visible absorbance/refractive index
The UV-Vis absorbance spectra were taken for primary analysis of plasma sample
Summary
An organophosphorus pesticide, may affect human blood cells through breathing or absorption through the skin. Leukocytes carry out specific effector functions related to homeostasis as well as to the host response to infection and inflammation. The efficient accomplishment of these functions requires a finely regulated cellular cytoskeleton to enable a marked reorganization of the leukocyte membrane, receptor localization, recruitment of signaling intermediates and changes in the morphology of the cell, as well as the induction and/or inhibition of cellular programs that lead to activation, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Some insecticidal organic compounds such as methyl parathion, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), ethyl parathion, malathion, and hexachlorocyclohexane cause toxicities to humans[1,2,3,4,5,6]. Malathion dose-dependently causes chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral leukocytes[7]. A significant increase in the number of micronucleated cells were found in isolated lymphocytes exposed to high doses (75-100 mg/mL) of malathion[8]
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