Abstract

The main goal of this study is to determine the concentration of heavy elements (Pb, Cd, and Ni) in blood samples for use in a cement plant in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq. Measurement and analysis of heavy elements in blood samples were performed using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique.The result shows that the heavy component (Pb, Cd, and Ni) for the worker group is higher than the control group. Average concentrations of (Pb, Cd, and Ni) in workers' blood samples (12.32 ± 3.12 ppm, 3.57 ± 0.95 ppm, and 4.95 ± 1.24 ppm) respectively. Heavy metals are metals that do not readily break down and therefore accumulate in vital human organs. This condition results in variable degrees of disease as a function of acute and chronic exposure, which the possibility of lung cancer. The sensitivity range of the X-Ray Fluorescence instrument is 97%.The average value of the heavy element in workers' blood samples increased as the number of years of work increased. However, the mean heavy element levels in the blood samples of smokers and non-smokers were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).

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