Abstract
The assessment of spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge is required as an input to develop the regional groundwater model in the Drava flood plain for more accurate simulations of different management scenarios. WetSpass-M, a GIS-based spatially-distributed water balance model, was implemented to assess monthly, seasonal, and the annual averages of groundwater recharge, surface runoff and actual evapotranspiration in the Drava basin, Hungary for the period between 2000–2018. The basic relevant input-data for the Wetspass-M model is prepared in grid-maps using the tool ARCGIS tool. It comprises monthly climatological recordings (e.g., rainfall, temperature, wind speed), distributed land cover, soil map, groundwater depth, topography, and slope. The long-term temporal and spatial average monthly precipitation (58 mm) is distributed as 29% (17 mm) surface runoff, 27% (16 mm) actual evapotranspiration, and 44% (25 mm) groundwater recharge. The mean annual groundwater recharge, actual evapotranspiration, and surface runoff were 307, 190, and 199 mm, respectively. The findings of the WetSpass-M model are intended to support integrated groundwater modeling. The analysis of simulation results shows that WetSpass-M model works properly to simulate hydrological water budget components in the Drava basin. Moreover, a better understanding of the simulated long-term average spatial distribution about water balance components is useful for managing and planning the available water resources in the Drava basin.
Highlights
Two billion people worldwide rely on groundwater for their water supply, irrigation for agriculture, and more
A growing global population combined with climate change, pollution, and insufficient groundwater recharge leads to declining groundwater levels
Model mapsgroundwater of monthly groundwater recharge, for water balance components will be used as are an raster integrated modeling inputs and surface runoff, actual in evapotranspiration, boundary conditions the Drava basin. and interception for the period 2000 to 2018 (223 time steps).TheInspatial these maps, every pixel represents the actual magnitude of the water budget component monthly, seasonal and annual evapotranspiration, simulated by the
Summary
Two billion people worldwide rely on groundwater for their water supply, irrigation for agriculture, and more. A growing global population combined with climate change, pollution, and insufficient groundwater recharge leads to declining groundwater levels. Understanding the spatial extent and variation of groundwater levels is essential to protect available water resources, especially as a primary source for drinking water [1]. Protecting groundwater resources in the Drava basin is especially important for the provision of ecosystem services, landscape management, natural conservation, and economic development in improving agricultural productivity. The Hungarian Drava floodplain is characterized by alternations of drought and floods periods. On the lower sections of the Drava River, the Drava river incision and entrenchment of the river resulted in decreasing groundwater levels in the adjacent floodplain by 1.5 to 2.5 m and increasing drought
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