Assessment of DNA Damage in Chick Embryo Brains Exposed to 2G and 3G Cell Phone Radiation using Alkaline Comet Assay Technique

Abstract

Introduction: The cellular phones/mobile phones have emerged as the fastest growing man-made phenomenon ever discovered in the history. Controversies still exist among the scientific community regarding the ill-effects of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) exposure from cell phones on biological tissues. The present study will provide an insight into the basic mechanisms by which RF fields interact with developing brain in an embryo. Aim: To assess the possible Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage in developing brain of chick embryo following chronic exposure to Ultra-High Frequency/Radiofrequency Radiation (UHF/RFR) emitted from 2G and 3G cell phone. Materials and Methods: Fertilised hen eggs were divided into three groups. Experimental Group A (exposed to 2G radiation, 24 eggs), Experimental Group B (exposed to 3G radiation, 24 eggs) and Group C sham exposed control group (24 eggs). After the completion of scheduled duration of exposure (72 minutes per day), the chick embryos were sacrificed from 9th-12th day and the brains were dissected out. The chick embryo brains were then subjected to alkaline comet assay technique to assess the DNA damage. The results were statistically compared using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: In the present study, the exposure of chick embryo brains to 2G and 3G cell phone radiation caused increased mean comet length (p<0.001), mean tail length (p<0.001), mean percentage of DNA in the tail (p<0.001) and mean tail moment (p<0.01) suggestive of increased DNA damage. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the RFR exposure caused significant increase in DNA damage in developing brain of chick embryos with changes more pronounced in 3G exposure group.