Abstract
This study was conducted in Farta district, south Gondar from 2019 to 2020 cropping years to identify rodent pest species and estimate damage caused on barley crops. Four independent barley crop fields (40 x 40 m each) were sampled randomly to estimate the loss. Two were located near Alemsaga Priority State Forest and the other two were away from the forest. Four (2 x 2 m) rodent exclusion plots were established at 10 m interval as control units in each selected experimental barley fields using fine wire mesh. Rodent pest species were collected using both Sherman and snap traps throughout the different crop growing stages. The damaged and undamaged barley tillers by pest rodents were counted on five 1 x 1 m randomly sampled quadrats for each selected experimental fields. Variations on pest rodent population between cropping years and sites were analyzed using Chi square test. The mean crop damages between cropping years and experimental field sites were analyzed using two way ANOVA. Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Mastomys natalensis, Arvicanthis dembeensis, Mus musculus, Lophuromys simensis, Tachyoryctes splendens and Hystrix cristata were identified as pest rodents in the study area. A total of 968 individual rodents (427 in 2019 and 541 in 2020) were trapped during the study period. There was a statistical variation (χ2 = 13.42, df = 1 and P<0.05) between trapped individuals of the two successive years. The crop fields near the forest were more vulnerable than away from the forest during both cropping years. Statistical variations was observed on mean crop losses between cropping years and experimental barley crop sites. The highest crop damage was seen at maturity stage and the lowest during sowing in all experimental plots and cropping years. The percentage of barley yield loss due to rodent pests was 21.7 kg ha-1. The monetary value of this yield loss was equivalent to 4875 Birr (121.9 US$ h-1). Alemsaga Forest as shelter and conservation strategies like free of farmland from livestock and terracing for soil conservation have great role for the high rodent pest populations in the study area. Field sanitation, trapping and using restricted rodenticides like zinc phosphide are the possible recommendation to local farmers against rodent pests.
Highlights
Agronomic pests are major issues in yield loss both in pre-harvest and post-harvest stages
Arvicantith abyssinicus and A. dembeensis were common in maize fields of central Ethiopia [5]
From two different barley fields, five rodent species were trapped and two species were observed as potential pests during the study period
Summary
Agronomic pests are major issues in yield loss both in pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. Rodents are considered to be as one of the major pests of agricultural crops. In Africa, 77 out of 395 rodent species are pests [2]. In Ethiopia, more than 6 out of 91 species of rodents identified as significant agricultural pests [3]. Species under the genus Mastomys and Arvicanthis are very common crop pests in Africa [4]. Arvicantith abyssinicus and A. dembeensis were common in maize fields of central Ethiopia [5]. Species such as S. albipes, M. awashensis and A. dembeensis are the major pests in northern Ethiopia [6, 7]. In Africa, 50% pest rodents are reported by four countries; Tanzania (24.69%), Nigeria (8.64%), Ethiopia (8.64%), and Kenya (8.02%) [6]
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