Abstract
Background: In the current scenario, the urbanization is happening at a faster pace and the economy is not able to match at par with urbanization, this In turn is causing problems of unavailability of safe and potable water along with proper sewage system, despecially in urban slums. As a result of the scenario many urban slums are still using poor quality pit latrines and even drawing water from nearby wells, water taps which are not complying with government norms. Space is also a big problem which is being faced by these slums, due to which there is a lack of enough spaces in the houses and nearby areas, therby causing overcrowding. Due to overcrowding, the space between houses, pit latrines, wells, taps and water bodies has decreased and thus the potential of contamination of water bodies by fecal microorganisms has increased drastically. Given the above knowledge, a study is much needed to estimate the presumptive and differential coliform count of water samples from the urban slum area in Lucknow. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of January to June 2019. Samples were collected from all the taps, hand pumps that were currently in use, along with potable water stored in households of Sarvodaya Nagar (an urban slum area), Lucknow and were processed in the Microbiology department of IIMS&R, Lucknow. Results: A total of 53(63%) samples were taken from Public supply, out of which 36(67. 9%) were found unsatisfactory and 17(32.0%) were intermediate, were found to be contaminated with Pseudomonas sp., E.coli, Thermotolerent E.coli, Klebsiella Spp. Citrobacter, Enterococcus and Pseudornonas Spp., E.coli, Thermotolerent E.coli, Klebsiella respectively. In the study more than half of the samples were taken from the Public water supply. Out of these about seventy percent were unsatisfactory and were found to be contaminated with Pseudomonas. Conclusion: The proper sanitation, regular treatment, supervision of water sources, arid regular bacteriological assessment of all water sources for drinking should be planned and conducted.
Highlights
The provision of safe and affordable water supply for everyone is one of the major challenges for people residing in developing countries especially in urban slums, a goal has been made to be achieved by 2030. [1] Urban slums constitute one third ie 860 million, of the total population residing in developing countries. [2] Urban slums are always under political and legal issues which makes the accessibility of people residing there for clean and safe water a bit difficult.[3,4] Many slums in developing countries are registered by the government
[8] The stringent policy should be made for safe water supply and appropriate sanitation as it has been suggested by a united nation that due to fast urbanization the problems of these basic needs will be increased drastically between 2000 and 2030
A total of 84 water samples from different water sources. 21(25%) samples were taken from the Submersible pump, 53(63%) samples were taken from Public supply, 3(3.6%) samples were taken from RO/UV filter and 7(8.3%) samples were taken from Gravity based purifiers. [Figure 1]
Summary
The provision of safe and affordable water supply for everyone is one of the major challenges for people residing in developing countries especially in urban slums, a goal has been made to be achieved by 2030. [1] Urban slums constitute one third ie 860 million, of the total population residing in developing countries. [2] Urban slums are always under political and legal issues which makes the accessibility of people residing there for clean and safe water a bit difficult.[3,4] Many slums in developing countries are registered by the government. [2] Urban slums are always under political and legal issues which makes the accessibility of people residing there for clean and safe water a bit difficult.[3,4] Many slums in developing countries are registered by the government. [4] An accessible and more likely acceptable clean water supply is the basic human need but many people living in urban slums of developing countries. In the study more than half of the samples were taken from the Public water supply Out of these about seventy percent were unsatisfactory and were found to be contaminated with Pseudomonas. Conclusion: The proper sanitation, regular treatment, supervision of water sources, arid regular bacteriological assessment of all water sources for drinking should be planned and conducted
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