Assessing the Impact of Riparian Buffer Systems on Water Quality Improvement and Infiltration Enhancement: Integration of SWAT-MODFLOW and SWAT-REMM

Abstract

Objectives:This study aims to assess the effect of riparian buffer system on the water quality improvement and infiltration enhancement in the upper Sinduncheon watershed by integrating the SWAT-MODFLOW and SWAT- REMM models.Methods:The study focused on three subbasins in the upper Sinduncheon watershed. Streamflow and groundwater level were simulated and relevant parameters were calibrated using SWAT-MODFLOW. Subsequently, the calibrated parameters were applied to SWAT-REMM to evaluate the effects of riparian buffer systems on the reduction of NO3-N and Suspended Solids (SS) and the enhancement of water infiltration. Riparian buffer scenarios with varying widths (9m, 21m, 27m). Results and Discussion:The results showed that the riparian buffer system led to significant reductions in NO3-N and SS. Specifically, a subbasin with the widest buffer (27m) showed the highest reduction efficiency (82.6% for NO3-N and 99.6% for SS). However, in a subbasin, despite having a wider buffer than other subbasin, the reduction efficiency was lower due to the presence of channelized pollutant inflow areas. Additionally, the riparian buffer increased rainfall infiltration by approximately 13%, contributing to the stabilization of baseflow.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that riparian buffer systems can significantly improve water quality and increase water infiltration in the upper Sinduncheon watershed. Future research should focus on developing tailored riparian buffer strategies that consider regional characteristics such as pollutant inflow patterns, land cover, and topography.