Assessing parental capacity in abusive fathers – A pilot study in child social welfare using an interview based on reflective functioning

This research aims to find out the main problems in parenting. the pattern of care provided and the inhibiting factors supporting child care at the al`khairiyah children's social welfare institution, west cilandak. this research uses qualitative methods, data collection techniques using the snow ball technique, and data collection obtained from the results. interviews, observations and documentation. data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. the results of the research found that the main problem in raising children is still the discovery of foster children who are lazy. the pattern of parenting applied to children by the west cilandak al`khairiyah child welfare institution takes a physical, emotional and social approach. to foster children and provides two types of education, namely formal education and religious education. in forming the personality of foster children, caregivers use a religious approach such as reciting the koran, reading the koran, wirid, prayers and teaching good morals. supporting factors in the parenting pattern at the al`khairiyah west cilandak children's social welfare institution are the background of caregivers who have mastered religious knowledge, supporting infrastructure, as well as assistance from donors and local community self-help. also the inhibiting factors are foster children who are lazy, irregular donors and the lack of caregivers at the al`khairiyah west cilandak children's social welfare institution.

Parental reflective functioning (RF) is a parent's capacity to understand and take into account the mental states of their children. Research on RF is somewhat scarce and has focused primarily on mothers. Mothers high in RF have improved parent-child relationships in terms of attachment, sensitivity, and more balanced mental representations of their children, in addition to displaying more caregiving behaviors than do those low in this characteristic. Moreover, better maternal RF appears to be a key to the parenting success of substance-abusing mothers and predicts changes in the caregiving behaviors of these mothers following attachment-based interventions. Research on RF in fathers, on the other hand, has been limited to a few studies. This research has suggested that about half of new fathers have deficits in RF, but did not assess predictors of RF or measure RF in relation to parenting. The present study sought to present an initial exploration of the association of RF to the parenting of fathers in a sample of 79 fathers, approximately half with substance-abuse and violence problems and half without. Fathers were administered the Parent Developmental Interview-Revised (A. Slade, J.L. Aber, I. Bresgi, B. Berger, & M. Kaplan, ) and self-report measures of parenting. Results suggested that less education and increased drug use are associated with lower RF. RF was not predictive of self-reported parenting behaviors in this sample. Although RF may vary with substance-abuse level and socioeconomic status among men and women, these results indicate that RF may be less associated with parenting behaviors of fathers. However, further research in this area is needed.

This study is aimed to analyse the commitment of Distric/City in Province governemt in West Sumatera in improving children’s social welfare in West Sumatera Province. From the analysis of West Sumatera Province government budgets for the period 2015-2018, it was found that most District/City Governments has allocated its budget for children’s social welfare programs, however the sum of the budget spent is relatively small. The findings in this paper are expected to increase understanding and provide solutions related to children's social welfare in Indonesia, especially in the West Sumatera province. The findings in this paper are expected to increase understanding and provide solutions related to children's social welfare in Indonesia, especially in the West Sumatera province.Keywords: Budget, Children Welfare, Commitment, West Sumatera

This study discusses how the form of social support carried out by caregivers on adolescent resilience at the Sawangan Depok Children's Social Welfare Institution. Social support can help a person cope with stress, improve their mental and physical health, and achieve their life goals if they receive help and resources from others in their social network. In this case, the study was conducted to find out the form of social support provided by caregivers, as well as its impact on adolescent resilience at the Children's Social Welfare Institute (LKSA) Muhammadiyah Sawangan Depok. The approach used by the researcher in this study is through a qualitative case study approach, where in the data collection technique the author conducts observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The informants in this study were seven people consisting of a caregiver and six teenagers living in LKSA. The results of the study showed that LKSA caregivers have fulfilled instrumental support in adolescents, where this aspect is more dominant than reward support and informational support. However, caregivers need to pay more attention to emotional support. Then the impact on adolescent resilience can be seen from the dominant I Am which has an impact on adolescents where this aspect can affect the increase of resilience ability in the I Have and I Can aspects of resilience.

Skin disease is one of the health problems that are still often found in orphanages. Factors such as environmental cleanliness and personal hygiene habits play an important role in preventing skin diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine environmental sanitation and personal hygiene with the incidence of skin diseases in adolescents at the UPTD of the Riang Naibonat Children's Social Welfare Institution. This type of research is descriptive and was conducted by survey. This study was conducted at the UPTD of the Riang Naibonat Children's Social Welfare Institution with a sample of 64 beneficiaries. The data analysis used was univariate analysis which only looked at the frequency distribution of each variable studied. The study stated that poor bed hygiene was 38 people (59.4%), poor towel hygiene was 34 people (53.1%), poor clothing hygiene was 19 people (29.7%), poor skin and hair hygiene was 5 people (7.8%) and poor hand and nail hygiene was 37 people (57.8%). Children living in orphanages should be accustomed to implementing a clean and healthy lifestyle in their daily activities. To support this, the role of orphanages and health workers is greatly needed, especially in providing easy-to-understand education.

The notion that maternal reflective functioning, namely the mother's capacity to hold her baby and his mental states in mind, plays a vital role in the intergenerational transmission of attachment is investigated (Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist, & Target, 2002; Fonagy et al., 1995; Slade, this volume). A parent's capacity to understand the nature and function of her own as well as her child's mental states, thus allowing her to create both a physical and psychological experience of comfort and safety for her child, is proposed. In this study of 40 mothers and their babies, maternal reflective functioning is measured using the Parent Development Interview (PDI; Aber, Slade, Berger, Bresgi, & Kaplan, 1985), and scored for reflective functioning using an addendum to Fonagy, Target, Steele, & Steele's (1998) reflective functioning scoring manual (Slade, Bernbach, Grienenberger, Levy, & Locker, 2004). The relations between maternal reflective functioning and both adult (measured in pregnancy) and infant attachment (measured at 14 months) are examined. The findings indicate that relations between adult attachment and parental reflective functioning are significant, as are relations between parental reflective functioning and infant attachment. A preliminary mediation analysis suggests that parental reflective functioning plays a crucial role in the intergenerational transmission of attachment.

In the last decade several studies have investigated the role of parental reflective functioning (RF), defined as the parental ability to understand his/her child’s mental states, on the child’s development. Herein, a narrative review on parental RF is presented aimed at (1) presenting an overview of the existing empirical studies, (2) pinpointing unrequited questions, and (3) identifying future research directions. Specifically, the current review focused on (a) the impact of parental RF on the quality of caregiving and the child’s attachment security, (b) the effect of parental RF on the child’s emotion regulation and the child’s RF, (c) maternal RF in women with a history of neglect and abuse, (d) the efficacy of mentalization-based clinical interventions, and (e) the recently developed Parental Reflective Questionnaire. The following terms “maternal RF,” “paternal RF,” “parental RF,” “parental mentalization,” “maternal mentalization,” and “paternal mentalization” were searched in titles, abstracts, and main texts using Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Next, a search in Mendeley was also conducted. Inclusion criteria comprised original articles if they refer to the RF Scale (Fonagy et al., 1998) and were published in an English language, peer-reviewed journal before July, 2016. According to exclusion criteria, dissertations, qualitative or theoretical papers, and chapters in books were not taken into account. The review includes 47 studies that, taken together, supported the notion that higher parental RF was associated with adequate caregiving and the child’s attachment security, whereas low maternal RF was found in mothers whose children suffered from anxiety disorders, impairment in emotion regulation, and externalizing behaviors. In addition, higher parental RF was associated with better mentalizing abilities in children. However, unexpected findings have emerged from the most recent randomized controlled trials that tested the efficacy of mentalization-based interventions in high risk samples of mothers, raising questions about the suitability of the verbal measures in capturing the mentalizing processes at the root of the parental capacity to be adequately responsive to the child’s emotional needs.

Direction of Social Welfare Movements : Education and Social Welfare of Children

Child protection is the responsibility of the government and society. However, children's rights are still neglected. This research aims to explain parenting patterns, legal protection and socio-economic welfare for neglected children in West Nusa Tenggara. The type of research is qualitative, the approach is case studies and legislation. The research subjects were 9 informants. Data collection consists of observation, in-depth interviews and document analysis. Data analysis uses descriptive. The results of this research show that the pattern of care for neglected children is through communication, education and training approaches, and child caretakers in the orphanage act as the child's parents. Legal protection for abandoned children must be guided by legal principles, namely hierarchical protection of children's rights, law enforcement, legal assistance and the implementation of sanctions for neglect. The socio-economic welfare of neglected children focuses on their dignity, and social welfare and non-formal education to increase interests and talents. So care, protection and social welfare of children are ways to educate neglected children.

The article examines the problems of provision of housing for internally displaced persons who defended the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine and took a direct part in the anti-terrorist operation, ensuring its conduct, being directly in the areas of the anti-terrorist operation during its conduct, in the implementation of measures to ensure national security and defence, repelling and deterring the armed aggression of the russian federation in Donetsk and Lugansk regions, ensuring their implementation, being directly in the districts and during the implementation of the specified measures. The concept of an internally displaced person is defined. The directions of social security of internally displaced persons are characterized, namely: 1) provision of housing; 2) provision of medical assistance; 3) social welfare of children in matters of education and science; 4) provision of the entire complex of social and administrative services by state bodies; 5) assistance in the return of forced migrants to their place of residence in accordance with state registration; 6) provision of social benefits and social assistance. The group of persons who have the right to receive compensation for obtaining housing is determined. The normative acts regulating the procedure and conditions for providing monetary compensation to internally displaced persons who defended the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine and took a direct part in the anti-terrorist operation, ensuring its implementation, being directly in the areas of the anti-terrorist operation during its implementation were analysed. It was concluded that the order and conditions, which determine the mechanism of providing subventions from the state budget to local budgets for payment of monetary compensation for obtaining housing for internally displaced persons who defended the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine and took a direct part in the anti-terrorist operation, ensuring its implementation, being directly in the areas of the anti-terrorist operation during its implementation, in the implementation of measures to ensure national security and defence, repelling and deterring the armed aggression of the russian federation in Donetsk and Lugansk regions are imperfect and need to be improved. It is proposed to adopt a law that would approve the procedure and conditions for allocating subventions for providing monetary compensation for housing, since the process of preparing laws is more thorough, and the procedure for adopting a law by the highest collegial body of the legislative power is more democratic than the procedure for adopting by-laws. In this law, it is proposed to clearly define the concept of an authorized public authority and give an interpretation of this term. It is also proposed to normatively regulate the issue of receiving monetary compensation to those persons, whom it is intended to, but was not paid due to the occupation of their settlements after February 24th, 2022. Key words: internally displaced person, anti-terrorist operation, monetary compensation, subvention, right to housing.

Fundamental changes in China's finance system for social services have decentralized responsibilities for provision to lower levels of government and increased costs to individuals. The more localized, market-oriented approaches to social service provision, together with rising economic inequalities, raise questions about access to social services among China's children. With a multivariate analysis of three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989, 1993 and 1997), this article investigates two dimensions of children's social welfare: health care, operationalized as access to health insurance, and education, operationalized as enrolment in and progress through school. Three main results emerge. First, analyses do not suggest an across-the-board decline in access to these child welfare services during the period under consideration. Overall, insurance rates, enrolment rates and grade-for-age attainment improved. Secondly, while results underscore the considerable disadvantages in insurance and education experienced by poorer children in each wave of the survey, there is no evidence that household socio-economic disparities systematically widened. Finally, findings suggest that community resources conditioned the provision of social services, and that dimensions of community level of development and capacity to finance public welfare increasingly mattered for some social services.

This study aims to describe the struggles experienced by the two main characters in the novel in getting their freedom and also to elaborate the important of freedom for the main characters as human rights. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive method with the sociology of literature approach. The primary data were collected from descriptions and utterances of the main characters and narrators in the novel. The supporting data were obtained from the library, internet, journals, and articles. The results of this research indicate that there is struggle of the main characters in obtaining their freedom as a human in this novel. Huckleberry Finn as the main character fought for his freedom from a drunk and abusive father, while Jim, as the second main character fought for his freedom from slavery. The two figures then met and made an adventure together to get their own freedom.

Reflective function (RF) is defined as an individual’s ability to understand human behavior in terms of underlying mental states including thoughts, feelings, desires, beliefs, and intentions. More specifically, the capacity of parents to keep their child’s mental states in mind is referred to as parental RF. RF has been linked to adult mental health and parental RF to children’s mental health and development. The gold standard measure of RF is the interview-based Reflective Functioning Scale (RFS) applied to the Parent Development Interview (PDI) or Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), which while well validated, is time-and labor-intensive to administer. Given the increasing need for reliable, valid, and rapid RF assessment in wide-ranging settings, two alternative measures were considered including the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ) and Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire (PRFQ). We determined the convergent validity of these measures in comparison with the PDI-rated RFS. A sample of mothers and fathers (n = 150) was drawn from a sub-study of the ongoing Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) longitudinal cohort when their children were 42–60 months of age. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression was conducted, followed by splitting the sample to compute Cohen’s kappas measures of agreement. Two subscales of the PRFQ correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with the gold standard PDI-rated RFS, providing evidence for convergent validity. As a brief multidimensional measure of parental RF, the PRFQ offers an alternative for measurement of RF in large-scale studies of parental development and child health.

This research aims to analyze the impact of domestic violence on children's social welfare in Kalen village, Kedungpring sub-district, Lamongan district). This type of research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method for 3 children who experienced violence in Kalen Village. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative approach with the following steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. There are three forms of violence committed by parents in the household against children: physical violence, mental violence, and social violence. Seeing the existing phenomenon, where households and families can no longer function according to their function due to cases of domestic violence, the family is no longer a safe place to shelter family members, especially their children. There are three impacts of domestic violence on children: fear, stress, and dropping out of school.

The research objective was to determine the process of social welfare services carried out by the Woro Wiloso Salatiga Social Rehabilitation Center in realizing children's social welfare, and to find out the efforts taken by the Woro Wiloso Social Rehabilitation Center in overcoming obstacles in social services This research methodology uses the approach of juridical sociology with descriptive of research type. The method of collecting data uses observation and interview. The method of analyze data uses qualitative description. The writer applied the theory of good governance and public service to observe whether or not the undertaking of social service in the social service office “Woro Wiloso” Salatiga has fulfilled the aspect and function of good governance and public service as the efforts in improving the children welfare to reach the success of the development of social welfare in Central Java.