Abstract
Food liking can be directly measured in specialised sensory testing facilities; however, this method is not feasible for large population samples. The aim of the study was to compare a Food Liking Questionnaire (FLQ) against lab-based sensory testing in two countries. The study was conducted with 70 Australian and Thai participants (35 Australian, 35 Thai, mean (SD) age 19 (3.01) years, 51% men). Participants completed a FLQ (consisting of 73 food items Australia, 89 Thai) and then, after tasting the food, rated their liking of a selection of 10 commercially available food items using a nine-point hedonic scale. Both tasks were completed on the same day and were repeated one week later. The reliability of and a comparison between methods was determined using Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and the difference was assessed using an independent sample t-test. The results indicate that the test-retest reliability of FLQ and the laboratory-based liking assessment range was moderate (0.40–0.59) to excellent (0.75–1.00). There were significant differences for the FLQ and the laboratory-based liking assessment between countries for three food items: soft drink, instant vegetable soup, and broccoli (p < 0.01). However, the data produced from the FLQ reflects the laboratory-based liking assessment. Therefore, it provides representative liking data in large population-based studies including cross-cultural studies.
Highlights
Obesity represents the largest preventable disease worldwide and is a contributor to ill-health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, respiratory disorders, and certain cancers [1]
Reliability for all the food items in Food Liking Questionnaire (FLQ) was in the moderate range (0.40–0.59), except for broccoli which was in the excellent range (0.75–1.0)
The objective of this study was to compare a FLQ with a laboratory-based liking assessment of ten representative foods in Australian and Thai settings, in order to determine whether the FLQ will be a suitable measurement tool in large-scale studies to compare food liking across cultures
Summary
Obesity represents the largest preventable disease worldwide and is a contributor to ill-health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, respiratory disorders, and certain cancers [1]. Whilst the causes of obesity are multi-factorial and complex, they are embedded within energy imbalances brought about by psychological, cultural, personal, environmental, lifestyle, and dietary factors which favour excessive energy intake coupled with sedentary behaviour [2]. Environment, experience, and physical state are all factors that may influence liking decisions at any point in time [5]. It is the liking or prospective liking of a food that is one of the key drivers of consumption [5,6]. The impact of taste and food preference on food intake is influenced by age and sex and can be modified by distorted eating behaviours [6,7,8,9]
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