Abstract
In this article, it was analyzed how snow melting affects the assembly of lichen and moss communities in a small area of the coastal region of Barton Peninsula, which is in maritime Antarctic. In the small area, even though there is a huge gap of difference of the environment between the snow-filled area and snow-melt one, the latter did not have distinctive environmental gradients. Depending on the snow melting time, coverage and species diversity of lichens and mosses tend to increase remarkably. For species with significant changes depending on the snow-covered period, there are Andreaea regularis, crustose lichens, Placopsis contortuplicata, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, and snow algae. In this area, the process of vegetation assembly process has shown the directional development in the order of snow algae→crustose, lichen sub-formation→fruticose lichen, moss cushion sub-formation (Andreaea sociation)→fruticose lichen, and moss cushion sub-formation (Usnea sociation), according to the order of snow melting. These directional development stages are shown in gradual change in small area with the snow melting phenomena. However, in the snow-free area, where water is sufficiently supplied, it is expected that moss carpet sub-formation (Sanionia sociation) will be developed. Vegetation development in the small area with the snow melting phenomena, depending on differences of resistance on snow kill and moisture settled by species in according to the time of snow melting, tolerance model to form community is followed. The research results explain the development of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra and its spatial distribution according to the period for growth of lichens and mosses in the summer time by differences of snow melting in the small area. In the future, if research for the community development process in a large scale will be done, it will be helpful to figure out temporal and spatial dynamic of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra where snow and glaciers melt rapidly due to climatic warming.
Highlights
In this article, it was analyzed how snow melting affects the assembly of lichen and moss communities in a small area of the coastal region of Barton Peninsula, which is in maritime Antarctic
Favero-Longo et al (2012) demonstrated that vegetation succession according to glacier retreat in the Signy Island in the maritime Antarctic region are divided into pioneer community, immature community, and climax and that the driving force to determine vegetation in the Antarctic region is the duration after glacier retreat
This study aims to figure out factors in determining the spatial distribution and changes of vegetation with snow melting at small spatial scale and find out the assembly processes of cryptogam community in this area
Summary
It was analyzed how snow melting affects the assembly of lichen and moss communities in a small area of the coastal region of Barton Peninsula, which is in maritime Antarctic. For the Arctic region, there are many studies to trace the changes of ecosystems after glacier retreat (Jones and Henry 2003, Favero-Longo et al 2012). Favero-Longo et al (2012) demonstrated that vegetation succession according to glacier retreat in the Signy Island in the maritime Antarctic region are divided into pioneer community, immature community, and climax and that the driving force to determine vegetation in the Antarctic region is the duration after glacier retreat. There may be a possibility of that vegetation succession, and its driving force in the Antarctic region is different from that in the Arctic region. It may follow a vegetation succession model different from the facilitation model that the species in the early stage of vegetation succession known in the Arctic region promote settlement and development of the species in the later stage
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