Abstract
The rapid advent of radio-frequency (RF) and microwave technologies and systems have given rise to serious electromagnetic pollution, interference and jamming for high-precision detection devices, and even threats to human health. To mitigate these negative impacts, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials and structures have been widely deployed to isolate sophisticated instruments or human settlements from potential EMI sources growing every day. We discuss recent advances in lightweight, low-profile electromagnetic absorbing media, such as metamaterials, metasurfaces, and nanomaterial-based solutions, which may provide a relatively easy solution for EMI shielding and suppressing unwanted RF and microwave noises. We present a general review of the recent progress on theories, designs, modeling techniques, fabrication, and performance comparison for these emerging EMI and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) media.
Highlights
Electromagnetic absorbers have important applications in a plethora of applications, including but not limited to electromagnetic interferences and electromagnetic compatibility [1–5], stealth [6–9], camouflage [10], shielding [11–13], energy harvesting [14, 15], as well as antenna and optical measurements [2, 16–18]
The scientific interest has focused on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding that studies how to suppress noise or interference in various electronic appliances and radiative damage to humans caused by unintended EM signals
For an ultrathin metal-backed MNZ absorber, the permeability μ 1⁄4 ðμ0 À jμ00Þμ0 required for perfect absorption can be derived as: μ0μ0 ≈ 0 and μ00μ0 ≈ 1=k0t, where k0 and μ0 are the wavenumber and the permeability of free space, and t is the thickness of the metamaterial slab
Summary
Electromagnetic absorbers have important applications in a plethora of applications, including but not limited to electromagnetic interferences and electromagnetic compatibility [1–5], stealth [6–9], camouflage [10], shielding [11–13], energy harvesting [14, 15], as well as antenna and optical measurements [2, 16–18]. This huge mismatch can cause a strong reflection of the electromagnetic signal and perturb the operation of the electrical equipment In this context, electromagnetic compatibility is an important and active field of research that endeavors to limit undesired and unintentional scattering of microwave and THz waves to avoid, for example, unwanted behavior such as electromagnetic interference [42]. One avenue consists of a large effective relative permeability μr by tailoring custom RF, microwave, and THz metamaterials [43, 44] These are artificial materials structured at the nano- or micro-scale and gained tremendous attention over the past two decades thanks to their exotic dynamic properties, generally not found in nature, such as negative optical refraction [45, 46], and electromagnetic cloaking [47, 48]. This class of CPA designs may be intuitively treated as a single input transmission line (TL) coupled to a plasmonic resonator, where the thickness of the insulating spacer affects the radiative damping rates as well as the resonance frequency bandwidth
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