Abstract
The chronic sensation of a dry mouth is a disease condition called xerostomia and affects a large part of the population. Xerostomia is associated with decreased secretion, or more often, qualitative changes in saliva proteins and immunoglobulin concentrations that develop as a result of salivary gland dysfunction. Several reasons causing dry mouth were described, and usually, they include taking medications, diseases or radiotherapy. In some situations, when it is difficult to use salivary stimulants or salivary gland damage is irreversible, the only option might seem to be saliva substitutes. The paper presents the most important aspects considering saliva preparations. The rheological and lubricating properties and the reconstruction of the complex saliva structure has been the main purpose of research. The biological properties of saliva preparations were also widely discussed. As part of the work, the antimicrobial effect of three commercial saliva preparations was tested. Finally, inadequate antimicrobial properties against the strains isolated from the oral cavity were demonstrated. The development of salivary substitutes, in particular, the improvement of antimicrobial properties, can be achieved using nanotechnology, including drug delivery systems containing nanocarriers.
Highlights
Most people who have been upset, anxious or under stress have experienced a dry mouth
Khovidhunki et al [104] observed that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosed with hyposalivation were characterized by a higher number of Lactobacilli spp. and Candida spp. and mutans Streptococci in the saliva compared with those without dry mouth symptoms
Saliva is crucial for the health and proper functioning of the oral cavity
Summary
Most people who have been upset, anxious or under stress have experienced a dry mouth. Similar observations are reported in the case of the influence of diseases on the secretion of saliva among people of all ages [51] Considering all these factors, the problem with salivary secretion in the elderly is a fact. As suggested in the article of Khan et al [56] salivary based diagnostics is a developing field to achieve the level of point-of-care technology, in identification and validation of biomarkers via application of toolboxes and other class of devices for the early detection and diagnosis of several oral and systemic diseases in a non-invasive, -monitored, less time consuming, and in a personalized manners This diagnostic process might be impeded in patients with xerostomia syndrome
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