Artificial Intelligence: State of the Art

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the most fascinating and discussed technology in the current decade for its nature of mimic human intelligence. As John McCarthy defines it is “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”. AI simply means the study of building machines with human like sense (perceiving), analysis or understand and response. Precisely, it’s the Weak AI, the AI systems are capable to do a specific kind of job for which it is trained. Even, the journey of AI was started back in 1950s, it become popular and started using in recent years for three reasons. First, the availability of big data; the gigantic amount of data generated by the e-commerce, social networks and businesses, second the machine learning algorithms are improved and more reliable, third the cloud and high-performance computer systems become cheap. The AI is changing the personal, social, and business landscape with every new day. It is used to develop products ranging from general to specific, such as playing music, playing chess, Painting, self-driving cars, proving theorems, etc. AI is widely used in automobile, logistic, healthcare, stock-trading, robotics, finance, transport, education like industries. This chapter starts with defining AI and its relationship with machine learning and deep learning followed by a brief time-line of the evaluation of AI, advantages and challenges of AI in today’s world. Then discuss about the three fundamental techniques problem solving, knowledge and reasoning, and learning, artificial neural networks and natural language processing (NLP) are presented.