Abstract
Modern society is living in an age of paradigm changes. In part, these changes have been driven by new technologies, which provide high performance computing capabilities that enable the creation of complex Artificial Intelligence systems. Those developments are allowing the emergence of new Cyber Systems where the continuously generated data is utilized to build Artificial Intelligence models used to perform specialized tasks within the system. While, on one hand, the isolated application of the cyber systems is becoming widespread, on the other hand, their synchronical integration with other cyber systems to build a concise and cognitive structure that can interact deeply and autonomously with a physical system is still a completely open question, only addressed in some works from a philosophical point of view. From this standpoint, the AI can play an enabling role to allow the existence of these cognitive CPSs. This review provides a look at some of the aspects that will be crucial in the development of cyber-physical systems, focusing on the application of artificial intelligence to confer cognition to the system. Topics such as control and optimization architectures and digital twins are presented as components of the CPS. It also provides a conceptual overview of the impacts that the application of these technologies might have in the chemical industry, more specifically in the purification of methane.
Highlights
Technological advancements lead to several paradigm shifts in modern society
In Gamer et al (2020) [23] an overview about systems autonomy in chemical industry is presented, where the authors mention the importance of cyberphysical systems (CPS) for this topic, pointing that the interaction between CPS and artificial intelligence (AI) is a crucial factor to provide autonomy for large-scale systems
In the face of the value of this sector, and the complexity associated with its operation, this industry could benefit from more robust cyber-physical systems that could optimally extract, process, and make methane available for the final consumers at lower operating costs
Summary
Technological advancements lead to several paradigm shifts in modern society. These advancements led to extremely fast computing capabilities, near-instant exchange of information at a global level, massive data generation, cloud data storage systems, etc. There are several applications used in the chemical industry [8,9] These new advancements are still very recent and have a high potential for creating critical changes in human society. These new technologies are positioning the industry in a globalized context of intense renovation, where the system’s performance is affected by their isolated operation and by consumer demands, environmental, social, political, and worldwide financial situation. Some technologies that should be considered in the application of CPSs in the chemical industry are presented and scientific gaps are pointed out to better explore the potential of this emerging field, merging CPS and AI
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