Arsitektur Microservice untuk Optimalisasi Aplikasi Eco-Maps dalam Mendukung Kampus Ramah Lingkungan

Eight prestressed T-shaped beams were tested using the cyclic load test (CLT) method as proposed by ACI 437-12 followed by the ACI 318-11 monotonic (24-hour) load test method. The objective of the study is to assess the ability of these methods to evaluate damage in prestressed concrete (PC) beams. The test matrix included both pristine beams (subjected to no prior loading) as well as beams that were cracked and artificially predamaged using accelerated corrosion techniques, impressed current, and wet/dry cycles, prior to load testing. Deflections, crack widths, and slipping of the prestressing strands were recorded during the load tests. The load at which the monotonic test was conducted was chosen to be greater than the service load of Class U PC members, which does not allow cracking. This ensured that at the time of the monotonic load test the specimens were significantly damaged. However, the acceptance criteria associated with this test methodology were still met. Only one index in the CLT acceptance criteria (deviation from linearity) identified the condition of the specimens. The deviation from linearity index is found to correlate to the opening and widening of cracks.

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the effects of 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) waste management initiatives on a campus community. It ascertains the environmental attitudes and opinions of the residents and investigates their behavioral responses to waste management initiatives. Practical implications for enhancing sustainable waste management are discussed in this paper.Design/methodology/approachDemonstration projects on waste segregation and recycling, as well as waste a reduction campaign, were set up on the campus to ascertain people’s attitudes and investigate their behavioral responses toward 3R practices. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey, observations, interviews and the project’s document review. A waste audit and waste composition analysis was carried out to assess waste flows and actual waste management behaviors and measure the change in the recycling rate.Findings3R waste management initiatives had positive effects on people’s attitudes about resources, waste management and consciousness of the need to avoid waste, but these initiatives did not affect recycling and waste management behavior. A voluntary approach-only cannot bring about behavioral change. Incentive measures showed a greater positive effect on waste reduction to landfills. Nevertheless, the demonstration projects helped to increase the overall campus recycling from 10 to 12 per cent.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a literature gap about the 3R attitudes and resulting behavior as part of campus sustainability of higher education institutions in a developing country. The authors’ results revealed hurdles to be overcome and presents results that can be compared to behavioral responses of people from other developed countries. These findings can be used as a guide for higher education institution’s policy-makers, as they indicate that voluntary instruments alone will not yield effective results, and other mechanisms that have an impact on people's behavior are required.

Testing an application is an important thing to do in software development. However, there are some tests that are sometimes missed after application development has been completed, such as performance testing. Performance testing is a type of test to ensure software will work properly under the expected workload. When performance testing is important to ensure that the functional needs of the system are running well. To ensure that the business objectives of the system are satisfactory and according to user needs can be done using Black Box Method. After ensuring the final results meet the specifications of the system needs, performance testing can be carried out. In performance testing, a load and stress testing methods are used to test the system, so as to be able to validate system performance are correct and determine the operating capacity of the system, with load limit at the break threshold and above the break threshold. This test is carried out to help determine how software can act well when accessed by several users together with a lot of data. This study conduct analyze the behavior of the system in the server environment that currently running and then optimize the configuration of the service and server to achieve concurrent users with 500 users at a time with jmeter as a performance test tools.

Understanding waste management at airports: A study on current practices and challenges based on literature review

Interactions between technological solutions for managing waste and energy supply chains are multilateral and can vary significantly, depending on multiple criteria and different characteristics. This concept paper puts forward a conceptual framework for sustainable development based on the notion of “intelligence” for Waste-to-Energy (WtE) strategies. The pillars of intelligence are defined and the quadruple helix model for energy transitions based on waste management is established. The “smart” nodes of a WtE supply chain management are analytically presented and discussed. Nevertheless, the intelligent notion for a supply chain cannot stand on its own. Systematical support of a participatory process is needed via Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and e-techniques to be promoted for collective facilitation and sustainable management. This process encompasses intelligent residents and professionals as producers of waste and smart managers to supervise the supply chain towards sustainable management of energy and waste resources. It is argued that the ICT participatory interface has a multiplying effect, especially when adopting the middle pathway approach in local and/or decentralized level towards smart energy production from waste. Innovative solutions to maximize waste efficiency through the collaborative power of ICT networks is critical to be deployed within local communities. These can be based on internet of things, big data, operational modeling, complex systems science, games and narratives, and social networks. The conceptual framework presented herein provides a basis for decision support towards sustainable development and interaction through a creative pathway of collaboration applicable to all the levels of potential synergies. Main conclusions and future challenges indicate that more research effort is required by the scientific community to leverage on the collaborative power of social networks and to efficiently apply ICT methods for adopting the “socially-oriented” middle pathway approach within communities’ empowerment. Only on this basis may the tale of two challenges have a happy end, both for energy transition and waste management.

This study explores the optimization of biodegradable waste management practices, focusing on composting and water treatment at Aurora Senior High School. Despite the school's ongoing waste management efforts, inefficiencies in waste segregation, composting methods, and wastewater treatment pose environmental and health concerns. This research evaluated the existing waste management system and water treatment. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, data were collected through structured surveys distributed to science teachers, maintenance staff, and student volunteers actively involved in waste management initiatives, which composed of 50 respondents. The study employed frequency distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation as statistical tools. Findings reveal that while composting significantly reduces biodegradable waste and improves sanitation, challenges persist, including limited composting bins, inadequate resources, and poor enforcement of waste management policies. Additionally, technical difficulties in maintaining composting and wastewater treatment facilities hinder overall efficiency. Despite a balanced gender representation in waste management participation, awareness and engagement in proper waste disposal remain insufficient. The study suggests that improved policy enforcement, increasing resource allocation, and integrating waste management education into the curriculum could enhance sustainability. Best practices from other institutions, such as advanced composting techniques and enhanced wastewater treatment methods, can also be adapted to strengthen the school's waste management framework. The study highlights the necessity of structured interventions to ensure long-term environmental responsibility within the school community.

This study aims to evaluate the performance quality of the academic website of University XYZ through load testing using the Load Testing Method supported by Apache JMeterTM. The main issue addressed is how the website's performance can be measured and assessed in the context of normal, peak, and stress usage. The research methodology involves a qualitative approach to understand the meaning, interpretation, and context of the phenomenon, coupled with a quantitative approach to measure, analyze, and organize data in numerical or statistical forms. The research findings indicate that in the basic testing scenario, the website successfully met the test criteria with an average response time of approximately 0.855 seconds for GET requests, below the established maximum limit. POST requests required an average time of around 0.273 seconds with no response failures. In the peak testing scenario simulating high traffic conditions, the website remained optimal with average response times for both GET and POST requests below the 3-second limit, without response failures. Stress testing scenarios demonstrated the efficient operation of the website, even though the average response time for GET requests increased to approximately 2.564 seconds.The test results affirm that the University XYZ website functions well under various service usage conditions, including heavy loads. The overall average response time for GET requests across all scenarios is approximately 1.558 seconds, while POST requests have an average response time of around 0.355 seconds. Special attention is given to the impact of the number of threads or users and the number of students on the website's performance.

The integration of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) presents a powerful framework for improving waste management practices. AHP serves as a structured decision-making tool that enables stakeholders to prioritize and evaluate various alternatives based on multiple criteria, while GIS enhances this process by providing spatial analysis capabilities that allow for the visualization and examination of geographic data. This combination is particularly relevant in the context of waste management, where decisions often involve complex trade-offs among environmental, economic, and social factors. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic integration of AHP and GIS within the realm of waste management. Specifically, the research focuses on three critical areas: assessing various waste disposal methods, selecting optimal sites for landfills, and optimizing waste collection routes. By leveraging the strengths of both methodologies, the study seeks to enhance decision-making processes in waste management. The methodology involves breaking down complex decision-making scenarios into a hierarchical structure of criteria and sub-criteria. This structured approach allows stakeholders to systematically compare different options based on a range of factors, including environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, community acceptance, and logistical feasibility. GIS complements the AHP framework by providing essential spatial data that reveals patterns and relationships in waste generation and disposal, facilitating a more comprehensive analysis. The integration of AHP and GIS empowers decision-makers to visualize the potential implications of their choices more effectively. For example, GIS can be utilized to map waste generation hotspots, identify suitable location s for waste management facilities, and analyze transportation routes for their efficiency and effectiveness. This visualization aids in understanding the spatial dynamics of waste management and supports more informed decision-making. Overall, the synergy between AHP and GIS significantly enhances the effectiveness of waste management strategies. This integrated approach not only leads to more sustainable waste management practices but also improves resource allocation and fosters better community engagement in waste management initiatives. By supporting informed, data-driven decision-making, the combination of AHP and GIS ultimately contributes to the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly waste management solutions. The findings of this study underscore the importance of utilizing advanced analytical tools in addressing the multifaceted challenges of waste management, paving the way for innovative and sustainable practices in the field.

Effective city solid waste management has become a critical issue for communities globally due to the rapid pace of urbanization and increasing environmental concerns. The convergence of economic development and environmental preservation in Batam City, Indonesia, has underscored the necessity for inventive waste management approaches. This study examines the impact of dynamic governance and community empowerment in addressing the intricate waste issue in Batam City. The research uses a qualitative approach to investigate the underlying reasons for waste management difficulties. It investigates how adaptive governance might improve stakeholder cooperation and decision-making based on facts. Effective policy implementation relies on public interaction, yet meaningful participation remains difficult. Prior research suggests that individuals are more inclined to engage in matters that directly impact them, and ambiguous implementation protocols and a lack of confidence in political establishments frequently hinder community engagement in environmental policy. The waste management techniques in Batam City are conventional and inefficient due to limited government resources, highlighting the necessity for a more comprehensive strategy. The study's results indicate that implementing dynamic governance, which involves the flexibility to adapt and collaborate with stakeholders, can enhance waste management procedures. In addition, applying social capital theory can facilitate community empowerment, leading to a heightened sense of ownership and active engagement in waste management initiatives. Communities can enhance the effectiveness and durability of waste management systems by utilizing social networks, trust, and shared standards. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating inventive governance approaches with community-led efforts to tackle urban trash issues and advance sustainable development in Batam City.

Waste management has emerged as a critical environmental issue, particularly in rural areas where population growth and changing consumption patterns have led to increased waste generation. This research focuses on the implementation of community-based waste management in villages, aiming to understand its impact on environmental health and the factors influencing program success. Utilizing a quantitative analytic approach with a cross-sectional research design, the study surveyed 4,345 family heads, with a sample size of 98 participants.The findings revealed that 54.1% of respondents did not engage in waste management activities. Among these non-participants, 70.4% had low educational attainment (elementary or junior high school). Additionally, 53.1% cited a lack of infrastructure as a barrier to participation, while 64.3% reported poor knowledge of waste management practices.The results indicated that infrastructure availability significantly influences community participation, with a p-value of 0.006 and an odds ratio (OR) of 3.911. Furthermore, knowledge levels were crucial; those with inadequate knowledge were less likely to participate (69.2% did not engage), whereas those with good knowledge showed higher participation rates (63%).Effective waste management is essential for improving environmental health by reducing pollution and disease risks. Therefore, enhancing education and infrastructure is vital to encourage community involvement in waste management initiatives. This study underscores the importance of addressing knowledge gaps and infrastructural challenges to foster sustainable waste management practices in rural communities.

This research study aimed to explore the resident perspectives on environment and waste management initiatives in Barangay Pili, Mogpog, and their implications for the development of an effective strategic management framework. A survey-based approach was employed to gather data from 121 residents of the barangay. The survey included questions related to satisfaction levels regarding various aspects of the government’s Environment and Waste Management Program. The results indicated that residents expressed a generally high level of satisfaction with pollution control programs and the practice of waste segregation and other programs. However, the practice of waste collection received a slightly lower level of satisfaction. These findings have connotations for the formulation of an effective local strategic management framework. The high satisfaction levels in pollution control and waste segregation highlight the success of these initiatives and emphasize the need to continue and expand such efforts. However, the moderate satisfaction levels in other areas indicate areas of improvement and the need for further engagement with residents. To enhance effective local strategic management, policymakers and stakeholders should consider increasing community involvement and participation in decision-making processes related to environment and waste management initiatives. This can be achieved by consolidating actions into a strategic management framework that includes promoting awareness campaigns, organizing educational programs, and encouraging collaboration between residents and local authorities. The research findings provide valuable insights which can guide future policy formulation and implementation. However, it is recommended to conduct further research to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying factors influencing resident perspectives.

Due to the increased loading the large number of users connected to pervasive web services during the past decade, their load testing and providing the needed resources in low time and cost, requires more attention. In this context cloud computing technology offers new ideas to solve such problems and has reduced the concern of large and complex testing systems. In this research in order to improve the quality and performance of web applications load testing, we proposed a method for web applications load testing based on cloud computing. The proposed method uses the existing facilities in the cloud including pool of computing resources without initial cost, unlimited data storage and cloud computing managerial procedures, containing the actual load generating and multi-user concurrency testing, that lead to improved load testing flexibility, time and operational costs. Moreover, in this load testing method, in order to manage resources and virtual machines, significant improvement is achieved by use of appropriate allocation, reducing performance and unnecessary migration avoiding methods. Through evaluation section of the proposed method through a simulated test environment, it is shown that cloud-based load testing in comparison with traditional methods of load testing, improves factors such as effort, cost and time.

In-situ load testing is commonly used to assess the safety or the serviceability of an existing or new structural system or part of its elements for a particular external load condition. The most frequently used load testing procedure includes the in-situ load test method described in Chapter 20 of the ACI 318 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and the Cyclic Load Test method in ACI 437 and ACI 437.1R. This paper describes the load testing programs used for two field projects to evaluate the load capacity of existing and upgraded structural components. The main objective of this paper is to describe the process for determining the test load level, loading procedure, instrumentation, evaluation criteria and load test outcomes. The first case study is for the evaluation of the sidewalks for a historical steel bridge in which the supporting beams lost up to 70% of the original crosssection due to extensive corrosion. The load test was performed in order to assess whether the sidewalks were able to safely support the pedestrian load. The second case study is for the evaluation of a typical bay in an old reinforced concrete (RC) pan-joist floor system. The floor was being considered to support new telecommunication equipment that required an increase in the capacity of the floor system. Load tests were performed for typical existing members and members upgraded using externally bonded FRP reinforcement as well as bonded RC overlay.

Background: Proper household waste management is essential to maintain environmental quality, especially in densely populated areas such as student boarding houses. University students, as part of the educated population, play a crucial role in promoting sustainable waste practices. However, the gap between environmental awareness and actual waste management behavior among students remains a significant challenge. Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative survey approach to analyze the awareness and attitudes of Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) students living in boarding houses toward household waste management. Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire distributed to 53 respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Findings: The results revealed that most respondents demonstrated high awareness of environmental and household waste issues, with more than 80% agreeing or strongly agreeing that waste sorting and recycling are essential. Nevertheless, their active participation in implementing waste management practices was still limited, mainly due to lack of facilities and motivation. Conclusion: The findings indicate that while awareness and attitudes are generally positive, the translation of this awareness into consistent waste management behavior remains inadequate. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a focused analysis of environmental awareness and attitudes within the context of student boarding life, offering insight into behavioral gaps that can inform targeted environmental education and campus sustainability programs. However, this study is limited by its relatively small sample size and descriptive focus, which may affect the generalization of the findings. Despite this, the results provide practical implications for developing targeted environmental programs and waste management initiatives within university student communities.

This literature review critically examines the intersection of women’s empowerment, environmental sustainability, and waste management, exploring how women’s roles in the waste sector are both a source of vulnerability and a potential avenue for ground breaking transformation. Women, particularly in marginalized communities, often face heightened risks due to environmental degradation, including exposure to harmful waste and inadequate waste management systems, which exacerbates their socio economic and health burdens. The review highlights the link between women and the environment, drawing attention to how their roles in waste management, often unrecognized and undervalued, contribute significantly to environmental sustainability. Drawing on global examples, it illustrates how women’s participation in waste management initiatives—through cooperatives, self-help groups, and grassroots environmental movements—has improved their financial stability, social status, and access to basic services like education and health insurance. For instance, the case of women waste-pickers in India demonstrates how collective action, through organizations like the Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchayat has led to legal recognition, better working conditions, and improved livelihoods. However, the review also underscores persistent barriers faced by women, including gender-based discrimination, stigmatization, and the undervaluation of their labor. Despite these challenges, the review argues that integrating gender-responsive policies and recognizing women as key stakeholders in waste management and environmental policy-making is crucial for fostering sustainable development. It concludes by emphasizing that the full empowerment of women, particularly in the context of waste management, is imperative for achieving broader environmental sustainability and social equity, positioning women as vital force of change in addressing global environmental challenges.