Abstract
Background &Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension has a significant correlation with chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water. This study was designed to investigate the prevention of sodium arsenate induced vascular disorders by Vitamins C& E in fetal renal blood vessels of albino mice.
 Materials & Methods: Gravid albino mice of BALB/c strain (twenty four) were randomly divided into 4 groups having 6 animals each. Control group A was inoculated with 0.1ml/kg/day distilled water I/P for 18 days. Animals of groups B, C & D were given a single I/P injection of sodium arsenate 35mg/kg on 8th GD, whereas groups C and D were also injected with Vitamin C, 9 mg/kg/day and vitamin E 15 mg/kg/day by I/P route, beginning from 8th GD and continued for the entire pregnancy period. On 18th day of gestation fetal kidneys were extracted. Histological examination of renal blood vessels was performed for any discernable congestion, endothelial disruption and hyalinization and frequency of changes were expressed as percentages.
 Results: In group (B) sodium arsenate induction resulted in congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhages in glomerular capillaries and thickening of endothelial walls. The addition of Vitamins C and E in groups C & D respectively had reduced the congestion and endothelial thickening. Mean score of histological changes was statistically significant.
 Conclusions: The results showed the antioxidant prospective of Vitamins C and E in combating against the vascular lesions induced by sodium arsenate.
Highlights
Arsenic exposure through contaminated drinking water predisposes humans to various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation and vascular permeability. 1 In addition the chronic arsenic contact results in nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. 2 According to the WHO guideline the permissible level of arsenic in drinking water is 10 ppb but presently this level has exceeded in most of the arsenic-affected Asian countries3
Kesavan et al 2014, exposed rats for 90 days with arsenic in drinking water and administered atorvastatin a drug used for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases for 30 days
10 This study evaluated the potential of vitamins C and E as antioxidants to reduce the oxidative stress induced by sodium arsenate effecting the vascular endothelium of fetal renal vessels of albino mice
Summary
Arsenic exposure through contaminated drinking water predisposes humans to various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation and vascular permeability. 1 In addition the chronic arsenic contact results in nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. 2 According to the WHO guideline the permissible level of arsenic in drinking water is 10 ppb but presently this level has exceeded in most of the arsenic-affected Asian countries. 7. Kesavan et al 2014, exposed rats for 90 days with arsenic in drinking water and administered atorvastatin a drug used for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases for 30 days. Kesavan et al 2014, exposed rats for 90 days with arsenic in drinking water and administered atorvastatin a drug used for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases for 30 days They collected blood on 91st day for serum C-reactive protein analysis which showed that atorvastatin has the potential to improve arsenic-induced vascular leakage. 8 In another study the oxidative stress induced by arsenic on vascular endothelium was reduced by fenofibrate a drug used to treat abnormal blood lipid levels. Arsenic induces oxidative stress by various cellular mechanisms and different strategies have been investigated by researchers to overcome the arsenicmediated damages both in vitro and vivo models. 10 This study evaluated the potential of vitamins C and E as antioxidants to reduce the oxidative stress induced by sodium arsenate effecting the vascular endothelium of fetal renal vessels of albino mice
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