Aromatase inhibition by 7-substituted steroids in human choriocarcinoma cell culture

Abstract

Androstenedione analogs containing 7α-substituents have proven to be potent inhibitors of aromatase both in vitro and in vivo. Several of these agents have exhibited higher affinity for the enzyme complex than the substrate. In order to examine further the interaction(s) of 7-substituted steroids with aromatase, 7-substituted 4,6-androstadiene-3,17-diones were synthesized and demonstrated competitive inhibition of aromatase activity in human placental microsomes. 7-Substituted 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-diones demonstrated mechanism-based inhibition of placental aromatase acitivity. These agents were evaluated for inhibition of aromatase activity in the JAr human choriocarcinoma line. The 7-substituted 4,6-androstadiene-3,17-diones produced dose dependent inhibition of aromatase activity in the cell cultures, with IC 50 values ranging from 490 nM to 4.5 μM. However, these agents are less effective when compared to other steroidal inhibitors, such as 7α-thiosubstituted androstenediones. These results on the 7-substituted 4,6-androstadiene-3,17-diones are consistent with the data from biochemical enzyme inhibition studies using human placental aromatase. On the other hand, 7-phenethyl-1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione exhibits greater inhibitory activity, with an IC 50 value of 80 nM. Other mechanism-based inhibitors, 7α-(4′-amino)phenylthio-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, also exhibited potent inhibition of aromatase acitivity in JAr cells. In summary, the most effective B-ring modified steroidal aromatase inhibitors are those derivatives that can project the 7-aryl substituent into the 7α-position.