Abstract
(1) Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an inflammatory disease in which neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes accumulate in the ischemic myocardium and have important functions. Nucleolar-organizing regions (NORs) are the site of the ribosomal genes composed of ribosomal DNA and proteins. We aimed to evaluate AgNOR proteins, which have never been studied in patients with STEMI in the literature. (2) Methods: A total of 140 participants (75 with STEMI and 65 volunteers without any diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome) were included in this study. Echocardiography was carried out, and mean AgNOR number and total AgNOR area/total nuclear area (TAA/TNA) were evaluated for all individuals. (3) Results: The mean AgNOR number and TAA/TNA ratio were significantly higher in the STEMI group than the control (p < 0.001). Statistically significant relations between both TAA/TNA ratio and mean AgNOR number and interventricular septal thickness, fasting blood sugar, creatinine, HDL, hemoglobin (g/dL), WBC (µL/mL), monocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were detected (p < 0.05). Moreover, a statistically significant relation between LDL (mg/dL) and mean AgNOR number (p = 0.005) was detected. (4) Conclusion: Both AgNOR protein amounts increase depending on the hypoxia that occurs in STEMI. The AgNOR proteins may thus be promising markers in STEMI.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Maurice VanAcute myocardial infarction is an inflammatory disease that usually develops on the basis of coronary artery disease [1]
(4) Conclusion: Both AgNOR protein amounts increase depending on the hypoxia that occurs in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Among the laboratory findings of the groups, the fasting blood sugar, creatinine, WBCs, monocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in the STEMI group than in the control group (p < 0.05 for all) (Table 1)
Summary
Academic Editor: Maurice VanAcute myocardial infarction is an inflammatory disease that usually develops on the basis of coronary artery disease [1]. During the acute myocardial infarction process, within the first five hours after reperfusion, neutrophils, as well as macrophages and lymphocytes, accumulate in the ischemic myocardium [3]. T lymphocytes have a key role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction (MI) within the cells of the immune system. Different studies on the importance of AgNOR proteins were performed in various cells such as hair root cells [6], buccal epithelial cells [7], lung cells [8], myocytes [9,10], muscle cells [11], etc. In those studies, the levels of AgNOR protein increased depending on the hypoxic condition caused by CO exposure and may have had protective effects against hypoxic conditions [9,10]
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