Abstract
Purpose Iron’s fluctuation between the II (ferrous) and III (ferric) oxidation states has been coined as the “FeIII–FeII redox wheel.” Numerous studies have coupled the “iron redox wheel” with the biogeochemical cycle of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), or phosphorus (P) individually in soils or sediments, but evidence suggests that the FeIII–FeII redox wheel drives the biogeochemical cycles interactively in a fluctuating redox microenvironment. The interactions of the FeIII–FeII redox wheel with the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, S, and P in the fluctuating redox environments were reviewed in this paper.
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