Are postoperative intravenous fluids in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy a necessity? A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

BackgroundIntravenous (IV) fluid therapy should be individualized according to each patient's weight, disease, and comorbidities, as well as the type and duration of the operative procedure. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy represents one of the most common, short-duration operations; thus, the aim of this study was to assess the necessity of postoperative administration of IV fluids. MethodA randomized clinical trial with patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Patients were randomly assigned to control group (IV fluids at the surgeon's discretion) and study group (no IV fluids after the operation). Body weight and composition, total intravenous fluids, urinary output, creatinine levels, and the presence of thirst and hunger were assessed. Costs related to the administration of postoperative IV fluids were measured. ResultsThe study and control groups were similar with regard to sex distribution, age, and general characteristics. There was a significant difference in the amount of infused IV fluids (1,600 mL vs 3,000 mL), directly related to the amount offered postoperatively to the control group. Weight, extracellular water, and urinary output (1,257 ± 736 mL vs 888 ± 392 mL; P < .05) were increased in the control group, and this was positively correlated with the volume of infused fluids (r = 0.333). There were no differences in creatinine levels, thirst, hunger, and well-being features. An average of 10.7 minutes per patient of nursing time was required for IV administration. Cost related to IV fluids was increased in the control group. ConclusionPostoperative intravenous fluids are not necessary in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and their use is associated with increased nursing time and costs.