Abstract
BackgroundPhysical exercise reduces glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acute inspiratory muscle exercise has been shown to reduce these parameters in a small group of patients with type 2 diabetes, but these results have yet to be confirmed in a well-designed study. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute inspiratory muscle exercise on glucose levels, glucose variability, and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods/designThis study will use a randomized clinical trial crossover design. A total of 14 subjects will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups to perform acute inspiratory muscle loading at 2 % of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax, placebo load) or 60 % of PImax (experimental load).DiscussionInspiratory muscle training could be a novel exercise modality to be used to decrease glucose levels and glucose variability.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02292810.
Highlights
Physical exercise reduces glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes
The secondary outcome measures are: (1) changes in glucose variability, which will be evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring systems through conventional and non-conventional indices; (2) changes in cardiovascular autonomic control, which will be evaluated by blood pressure variability and heart rate variability
Combined exercise is beneficial for metabolic parameters [19, 20] and glucose variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes [18]
Summary
Physical exercise reduces glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acute inspiratory muscle exercise has been shown to reduce these parameters in a small group of patients with type 2 diabetes, but these results have yet to be confirmed in a well-designed study. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute inspiratory muscle exercise on glucose levels, glucose variability, and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Chronic complications of diabetes can develop even when these targets are met This can be attributed to genetic and epigenetic factors [7], disruption of repair mechanisms [8], and, possibly, high glucose variability even when optimal HbA1c levels are achieved. Several conventional measures are available to quantify this parameter and have been widely reported in the literature over the past years [14, 15], including the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [16], the standard deviation of glucose, and the mean of daily
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