Abstract
BackgroundThe effects of long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the regulation of adipocytes metabolism are well known. These fatty acids are generally consumed together in our diets; however, the metabolic regulation of adipocytes in the presence of these fatty acids when given together is not known.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 PUFA, on the regulation of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of 100 µM of eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA; docosapentaenoic acid, DPA and AA, either alone or AA+n-3 PUFA; control cells received bovine serum albumin alone. The mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes was measured. The fatty acid composition of adipocytes was analyzed using gas chromatography.ResultsIndividual n-3 PUFA or AA had no effect on the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ; however, AA+EPA and AA+DPA significantly increased (P<0.05) the expression compared to control cells (38 and 42%, respectively). AA and AA+EPA increased the mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (P<0.05). AA treatment decreased the mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) (P<0.01), while n-3 PUFA, except EPA, had no effect compared to control cells. AA+DHA and AA+DPA inhibited SCD1 gene expression (P<0.05) suggesting a dominant effect of AA. Fatty acids analysis of adipocytes revealed a higher accretion of AA compared to n-3 PUFA.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that AA has a dominant effect on the regulation of lipogenic genes in adipocytes.
Highlights
The effects of long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the regulation of adipocytes metabolism are well known
Our findings reveal for the first time that arachidonic acid (AA) has a predominant effect on the regulation of lipogenic genes when given together in an equal combination with specific LC n-3 PUFA
Adipogenic and lipogenic genes are differentially regulated when 3T3-L1 cells are treated with individual or an equal combination of LC n-3 PUFA and AA Treatment with individual LC n-3 PUFA and AA had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g compared to the control cells; treatment with AA' EPA and AA'DPA significantly (P B0.05) increased the mRNA expression of PPAR-g compared to the control
Summary
The effects of long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the regulation of adipocytes metabolism are well known. Objective: To investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 PUFA, on the regulation of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results: Individual n-3 PUFA or AA had no effect on the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferatoractivated receptor-g; AA'EPA and AA'DPA significantly increased (PB0.05) the expression compared to control cells (38 and 42%, respectively). AA treatment decreased the mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) (PB0.01), while n-3 PUFA, except EPA, had no effect compared to control cells. AA'DHA and AA'DPA inhibited SCD1 gene expression (PB0.05) suggesting a dominant effect of AA. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that AA has a dominant effect on the regulation of lipogenic genes in adipocytes
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