Abstract
Phenotypic characterization of coffee cultivars under an irrigation system, as well as adaptability to controlled water stress, aiming at flowering uniformity, high yield and grain quality, plays an important role in coffee production in the cerrado areas. A field trial was carried out aiming to evaluate the agronomic performance of arabica coffee cultivars under different water regimes, using center pivot irrigation: irrigation throughout the year (WR1); suspended at the end of June for 40 days until leaf water potential reached -1.5 MPa (WR2); suspended at the end of June for 70 days until leaf water potential reached -2.3 MPa (WR3); suspended at the end of June for 100 days until leaf water potential reached -3.4 MPa (WR4); and a non-irrigated regime (WR5). The following traits were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, canopy projection, number of plagiotropic branches, coffee grain yield, percentage of fruit in the cherry stage, and sieve retention percentages. Higher yield, plant growth, and percentage of fruit in the cherry stage are observed in the water regime with seventy days of controlled water stress (WR3). The Obatã IAC 1669-20 cultivar exhibits high yield and plant growth values in an irrigated system, and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 86 stands out in the non-irrigated system. For these genotypes, the coffee grain yield is most highly correlated with number of reproductive branches.
Highlights
Coffee (Coffea sp.) belongs to the Rubiacea family and is widely distributed and grown in tropical regions
Considering only the effect of the water regime on coffee grain yield, the regimes with irrigation were significantly superior to the dryland management system (Figure 1)
Greater yields were observed for the cultivars managed with suspension of irrigation for around 70 days, until the water potential reached around -2.3 Mpa (WR3)
Summary
Coffee (Coffea sp.) belongs to the Rubiacea family and is widely distributed and grown in tropical regions. Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora are the species most grown and most economically important. Brazil is the country that most produces and exports coffee in the world, with estimated production in 2019 of up to 52 million bags of hulled coffee grains; approximately. 70% of this amount is represented by arabica coffee. The arabica coffee crop area is around 1.74 million hectares, with 86% in production and the remainder still in formation (Conab, 2019). In Brazil, arabica coffee was initially grown and developed in regions without water deficit in critical periods of the crop. With the expansion of agriculture into areas of Cerrado (Brazilian tropical savanna) soils, associated with
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