Aprendizajes y reflexiones sobre la enseñanza de la comunicación en pandemia

Population ageing is a major global health concern due to the rising numbers of people living longer. With increased age there is a likelihood of decline in physical health and mental wellbeing. Social isolation in particular has been identified as leading to a number of detrimental health outcomes and can create an increased demand on health services. Conversely, adequate social relationships have been demonstrated to be protective against many negative health consequences. The objective of this thesis was to investigate whether there is potential for physical activity interventions to have an effect on reducing social isolation amongst community-dwelling older adults. It sought to explore older adult perspectives of the benefits of and barriers to both group- and home-based physical activity interventions, investigated correlations between physical activity, including both recreational and household-based types, and social isolation and between physical capacity and social isolation. Additionally, whether older adults discuss social isolation with their health professional was explored. Six papers were developed utilising qualitative and quantitative designs to address the aims of the thesis. The first paper was a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research that investigated the impact of physical activity interventions on social isolation amongst community-dwelling older adults. The second paper was a qualitative analysis of older adults’ responses to questions regarding the benefits of and barriers to participating in group- and home-based falls prevention exercise programs. The third paper was a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between recreational, household-based, and total physical activity and social isolation. This paper investigated whether there was an association between participation in group- or home-based falls prevention exercise and social isolation. The fourth paper was a cohort study nested within a randomised controlled trial. This paper measured the correlation between physical capacity and physical activity and between physical activity and social isolation over 12 months in a sample of adults with chronic conditions. The fifth paper was a cohort study of older community-dwelling adults following discharge from hospital and examined the effect of physical activity levels (recreational, household-based and total) on social isolation and the impact of physical capacity on social isolation. The final paper was a qualitative investigation of whether older adults reported discussing social isolation with their health professional, the details of what was discussed or the reasons such conversations had not occurred. Recommendations were able to be made based on the findings of these six papers for physical activity interventions to address social isolation. First, interventions targeted at improving physical capacity and increasing levels of household-based physical activity were demonstrated to present a viable option for reducing social isolation. Second, the current lack of discussion between health care professionals and older adults would need to be remedied in order to promote a successful intervention. Finally, health care practitioners referring older adults to physical activity-based interventions might want to consider the patients’ preferences for group-based interventions compared to those they might perform alone, based on their perspective of whether the social element of group-based physical activity presents a benefit or a barrier to participating.

Social isolation is the most common and effective way to control disease transmission during pandemics with the specific implementations great impacting the results This study used the SEIRS model to analyze the pandemic conditions in 4 countries to investigate the effectiveness of various social isolation schemes on the spread of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to prepare for additional future outbreaks with emphasis on the effects of the isolation duration and degree The results show that for short-term social isolation, longer isolation time and lower isolation degree worked better for countries with good medical facilities and small populations while shorter isolation time and higher isolation degree worked better for countries with general medical facilities and large populations For long-term social isolation until COVID-19 is disappeared, a 50% degree of isolation provided effective results Overall, long-term social isolation is more effective than short-term isolation © 2021, Tsinghua University Press All right reserved

The oil and gas industry is considered the backbone of economic and social development in many countries in the Gulf region. Work in this industry presents dangers and challenges, as it is usually undertaken in remote locations and difficult geographical environments, resulting in a relatively high workplace accident rate. Such harsh work environments necessitate low-risk work behaviour to improve organisational safety performance. Workers’ safety behaviour is crucial if the number of occupational accidents is to be reduced. Most oil and gas studies investigating the health and safety of workers have involved remote work environments which is potentially stressful because the workforce lives and works on-site (i.e., a single restricted location) for significant periods of time. There is no universally recognised definition of remoteness. A remote area can be considered as isolated geographically, socially and professionally. Kuwait was selected as the location for this study, due to its strategic location in the Gulf region. Oil and gas is Kuwait’s largest industry, accounting for nearly half the country’s gross domestic product. It is worth mentioning that oil-producing corporations in the Gulf region host the largest percentage of expatriate employees, far exceeding the percentage of local employees. The bulk of workers in this industry come from diverse Asian countries. Workers are typically relocated to a remote production site in a region foreign to them. They work in these remote sites for an extended period that varies from weeks to months, occasionally lasting a year or longer. The physical isolation, combined with the isolation from family, friends and familiar surroundings represents the definition of remoteness, a central concept in this research study. Based on the above definition of remoteness, two main concepts arise: physical isolation variables and occupational stressors. Physical isolation from family, friends and familiar surroundings and its variables were identified from studies conducted on fly-in/fly-out (FIFO) workers, migrants, university students and even elderly people. Physical isolation was represented by two independent variables: namely, social isolation and loneliness. Two occupational stressors - related to this study’s concept of remoteness – have been identified as responsibilities towards family and living environment. In sum, this study aimed to examine the effect of four remoteness variables, social isolation, loneliness, responsibilities towards family, and living environment, on workers’ mental health, fatigue and safety behaviour. In other words, the study investigated whether the remoteness variables affect workers’ safety behaviour directly or indirectly through the mediating role of mental health and fatigue levels. Safety behaviour was represented by levels of safety compliance and safety participation. To achieve the study’s objective, a conceptual model was developed comprising the remoteness variables along with the two mediating variables and safety behaviour. These four main components are linked by 12 research hypotheses that were established according to the proposed theoretical relationships. To validate the conceptual model, a quantitative research method was adopted. To empirically test and refine the conceptual model, a series of multivariate statistical approaches were employed to process the data, which were collected from 387 expatriate workers from an isolated oil and gas field site in Kuwait. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to uncover the smaller set of factors of the constructs. For example, mental health has two underlying factors; namely, anxiety and depression, whereas mental fatigue and physical fatigue were revealed as underlying factors of fatigue. Confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted to assess and confirm the validity of the factors derived from the exploratory factor analysis results. Multiple regression analyses were then applied to test the proposed hypotheses. Several key findings have emerged from this study, and the remoteness variables were proven to affect safety behaviour. 1- Regarding the direct effect: a) Physical isolation variables (social isolation and loneliness) had a direct negative influence on both types of safety behaviour (compliance and participation). b) Occupational stressors (responsibilities towards family and living environment) had a direct negative influence on safety participation behaviour. 2- Regarding the mediating role of mental health: a) Only anxiety mediated the relationship between loneliness and both types of safety behaviour (compliance and participation). b) Both anxiety and depression mediated the relationship between responsibilities toward family and safety participation. c) Both anxiety and depression mediated the relationship between living environment and safety participation. 3- Regarding the mediating role of fatigue: a) Only mental fatigue mediated the relationship between loneliness and both types of safety behaviour (compliance and participation). b) Both physical fatigue and mental fatigue mediated the relationship between responsibilities toward family and safety participation. c) Both physical fatigue and mental fatigue mediated the relationship between living environment and safety participation. The above findings provide empirical evidence in support of the key hypothesis that remoteness variables have negative effects on safety behaviour, while mental health and fatigue can act as risk factors.

This work is concerned with multiple faults isolation for hybrid systems based on Global Analytical Redundancy Relationships (GARRs) approach. GARRs are derived from the Hybrid Bond Graph (HBG) model of a hybrid system with a specified causality assignment procedure. In this article, multiple faults are considered in a complex hybrid system and these faults can develop during a mode when the faults are not detectable. Once a fault is detected, a fault candidates set is generated from mode dependent-fault signature matrix (MD-FSM) tables and a set of fault pattern hypothesis is created from the fault candidates set for further refinement. Fault isolation is carried out using a multiple nonlinear least square optimization (MNLSO) algorithm. The developed technique can deal with multiple faults with unknown pattern. The fault could be of incipient or abrupt nature. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A family of small-scale steel frames is designed, constructed, and subjected to educational earthquake engineering experiments. Based on a three-story moment frame prototype, variants featuring base isolation devices, braces and dampers are developed. Effort is put into achieving realistic vibration characteristics, comparable to real-life multi-story steel structures, nevertheless keeping cost and complexity to a minimum. Experiments include free vibration tests and ground motion excitation using small shaking tables. This set of models constitutes a practical, versatile and easily reproducible teaching tool for structural dynamics and earthquake engineering classes. INTRODUCTION Various scale models for classroom use have been proposed so far, typically featuring a simple lumped-mass frame structure with flexible elastic members, yet varying considerably in concept and material used. High flexibility and elastic response are desirable, allowing for large displacements during free vibration tests, and thus distinguishable modal shapes. However, other dynamic characteristics, notably the fundamental period and the damping ratio, are often arbitrarily chosen or implicitly constrained due to materials used. This study focuses on the design of small-scale steel models with realistic dynamic characteristics, namely mode vibration shapes and periods comparable to those of real-scale multistory buildings. Such models are not only limited in demonstrating free vibration, but can also be directly excited by available ground motions without the requirement of time scaling, given that the relation between motion frequency content and model eigenfrequencies corresponds to realistic circumstances. Aschheim and Simsir (2006) have developed small-scale models composed of brass strips and metal connectors as well as low-cost accelerometers (Simsir and Aschheim, 2004) for illustrating simple performance-based design approaches. Terranova and Mosqueda (2009) have presented similar small-scale base isolated models designed using wooden dowels, pegboard, and superglue. The seismic isolation system consisted of furniture gliders and rubber bands. Such models are often used to 1 Doctoral Student, ETH , Zurich, tsiavos@ibk.baug.ethz.ch 2 Graduate Student, ETH , Zurich, piskasd@student.ethz.ch 3 Graduate Student, ETH , Zurich, tsofia@student.ethz.ch 4 Graduate Student, ETH , Zurich, martakip@student.ethz.ch 5 Graduate Student, ETH , Zurich, cueli@student.ethz.ch 6 Professor, ETH , Zurich, stojadinovic@ibk.baug.ethz.ch

Obesity is increasingly affecting Chinese adolescents due to trends in unhealthy eating, including lower fruit and vegetable consumption and increased consumption of processed foods. A cross-sectional study of adolescents was conducted in Wuhan, China in October 2019 which included measurements of perceived social isolation, eating when anxious or depressed, diet composition, body weight, and height. Social isolation, eating when sad or anxious, and eating alone were significant predictors of processed food and sugar sweetened beverage consumption, although only eating when sad or anxious was a significant predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption. Eating when anxious or depressed did not mediate these relationships. Social isolation predicted consumption of processed foods and sugar sweetened beverages by males, but not by females and only eating home cooked dinner predicted fruit and vegetable consumption by females. Eating when sad or anxious, eating alone, and eating home cooked meals all predicted fruit and vegetable consumption among males. The effects of social isolation, anxiety, and depression could act to increase unhealthy eating through several, mechanisms potentially mediated by chronic stress while eating alone could also act to increase unhealthy eating due to effects of self-efficacy and food availability. The interplay between diet and outside factors including environment, social factors, and personal psychology specific to Chinese adolescents need to be better understood to develop comprehensive interventions for this population.

Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of social isolation among community elderly and to provide evidences for improving the quality of life of the elderly. Methods Using convenient sampling, we recruited 1 526 residents aged 60 years and above in 6 communities of Tangshan city, Hebei province for face-to-face interviews conducted from December 2017 to August 2018. A self-designed questionnaire, the Abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6), Emotional Balance Scale, Social Support Rating Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale were used in the survey. Results For all the participants averagely aged 71.08 ± 7.729 years, the mean score of LSNS-6 was 16.16 ± 5.447 and 371 (24.3%) were assessed as being with social isolation (LSNS-6 score of ≤ 12). Univariate analysis revealed following significant influencing factors of social isolation: demographic characteristics (age, education, marital status, number of children), health condition (chronic illness, physiological perception, cognitive function), psychological status (emotional balance, negative life event, interpersonal well-being), family environment (family structure and grandparenting) and social environment (social support and community function) (P Conclusion Multiple factors have significant impact upon social isolation among elderly community residents in Tangshan city and strengthening familial and social support can reduce the risk of social isolation in the elderly.

Social isolation is an individual failure in the interaction with other people because of negative thinking or threatening.The purpose of this study to determine the effect of family psycho education therapy toward family’s ability on caring of client with social isolation. This study used a quasi experiment design by method of pre post test with control group. Respondents of this study were families where 48 clients with social isolation devided as random sampling consist of 24 respondents who got family psycho education therapy as the intervention group and 24 respondents who did not get family psycho education therapy as control group. Analysis univariate data by analyzing variables as descriptive. Analysis bivariate using dependent and independent sample t-test. Family psycho education therapy had been done by 5 sessions. Study result indicated that the average of respondent age were 43,81 females with basic educations and period of caring more than one year. Cognitive abilities in intervention group before therapy were 47,5 and after therapy were 77,5. Cognitive abilities in control group before therapy were 51,25 and after therapy were 64,17. The average of psychomotor abilities in intervention group before therapy were 48,75 and after therapy were 75,83. While the average of psychomotor abilities in control group before therapy were 52,5 and after therapy were 65. From result of bivariate analysis indicated that family psycho education therapy can improve affective and psychomotor abilities in intervention group compared than control group. It was recommended to implement above as family therapy on caring of clients with social isolation.

Language can’t be studied in isolation of the literature because literature has a very great effect in developing the language and behaving it as the literary concepts played a very effective role in the Arabic language and arts in both verse and prose. So my research will concentrate on the linguistic study of the Arabic literature according to that old Arabic theory which has been developed recently by the west, it is the semantics study. So my research will focus on the concepts of colours in the poetry of Dubel Al-Kuzai and the accompanied concepts which are considered as a part of these concepts. Hopefully this research will help to understand the main idea of using it. In other words, it is a study that concerned with all of the concepts which came in the colour context. We will analyze these concepts linguistically then will give the developed meaning of them besides that we will show the effect of the progress in their meaning because the Arabs were surrounded with these words inside and outside their environment. Then giving the allegorical meaning of the concepts in the tables according to what we found in the linguistic dictionaries with some examples about them to understand the exact meaning behind these concepts.

This study aimed to produce health education media in form of Video Compact Disk (VCD). The first disk consist of method how to take care of patient with social isolation and the second disk consist of method how to take care of patient with violence behaviour. The implementation of audiovisual media is giving for family in Psyciatric Ward Banyumas hospital. The family divided in two groups, the first group was given health education about social isolation and the second group was given health education about violence behaviour. Analizise method used frequency distribution and the family respon with question. The implementation of this media showed that after giving family education, the family knowledge about caring patient with social isolation and violence behaviour was increased.

Purpose: This paper aimed to examine the psycho-social aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pakistan The study was conducted in Pakistan by using an online survey technique The rationale to opt for this method was mainly based on the country's lock-down situations, social distancing and for the care of respondents Design/methodology/approach: A total of 1,536 individuals participated from different parts of the country An attitudinal scale was administered consisting of statements to measure (dis)agreement of the individuals facing the current situations of COVID-19 The ethical considerations and confidentiality of the respondents were opted by describing the purpose of research on the first page of the questionnaire Findings: The study findings showed that the cost of personal protective equipment (PPE), social isolation and loss of intimacy have favourable positive effects on the psychological problems of individuals through the mediation of fake news and misinformation during COVID-19 Furthermore, the study findings were interpreted as per the effects of current situations of epidemic, i e COVID-19 on the psycho-social life of individuals Research limitations/implications: This paper is purely limited to the quantitative approach including variables, i e COVID-19, risk of infection, social distancing, cost of PPE, social isolation, fake news and psychological problems Practical implications: The present research will enhance the awareness and knowledge regarding psychological problems faced by the individuals during COVID-19 It will be a significant addition to the existing body of knowledge in the field of health and well-being It will also provide guidelines to students, research scholars, policymakers and academicians to develop policies in future to improve the health of people during epidemics such as COVID-19 and similar nature of outbreak in the future Originality/value: This paper focused on an important gap in the research on COVID-19 in the country in the context of COVID-19, risk of infection, social distancing, cost of PPE, social isolation, fake news and psychological problems © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited

According to the Social Isolation Hypothesis socially isolated persons are less willing to participate in surveys. The paper argues that, in particular, subjectively experienced social isolation, as considered in the psychological concept of loneliness, affects the willingness to participate in surveys, and it further argues that loneliness depends upon personality traits. The hypothesis derived from this is that personality traits have an impact on cooperation willingness in surveys. This hypothesis is tested empirically by means of data from the German General Social Survey of the years 2004, 2006, and 2008. Negative effects of neuroticism and conscientiousness and positive effects of agreeableness and extraversion on cooperation willingness can be ascertained.

Loss – the experience of having lost something, as well as the subjective experience of missing out on something desired or expected – is a common experience in children’s lives. Many Australian children will experience the loss of a parent through divorce, separation, or death. The consequences of such losses can be severe and long lasting, affecting children’s health and wellbeing throughout their lives. Children from families facing complex challenges and change – such as family violence, abuse, neglect, mental illness, disability, substance abuse, homelessness, poverty, and social isolation – appear to be particularly at risk. These children commonly experience multiple losses of significant relationships and possessions and are at an increased risk of negative outcomes as a result of these losses. Despite the significant impact of loss in these children’s lives, understandings of childhood loss remain limited and contested. In addition, loss is afforded little attention in the Australian child and family service system. Current understandings primarily draw on adult perspectives of children’s responses to parental death, and we are yet to fully understand how children perceive and experience loss. This thesis aims to fill this gap by drawing on theory and techniques from childhood studies to explore how children, from families facing complex challenges and change, perceive and experience loss. A participatory qualitative approach was adopted to better understand children’s experiences. A children’s reference group provided advice and guidance throughout the study and 22 children, aged 6-12, participated in in-depth interviews. All children were recruited from the child and family service system in Canberra, Australia. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This method ensured the findings remained grounded in, and reflective of, children’s perspectives and experiences. Many common themes emerged across the diverse range of losses discussed by children. The children understood loss to be an inevitable part of life, often characterised by negative feelings associated with missing, or missing out on, valued family (including pets), friends and fun. The absence of these important people or things invoked a great depth and breadth of emotions, which were ever present and sometimes overwhelming for children. Sadness was evident in all the children’s experiences of loss, and many spoke of feeling left out and lonely. Children’s interactions with others were also inextricably linked to their experiences of loss. Silence, isolation, powerlessness, and an overriding complexity often governed children’s interactions with others and caused, complicated and compounded their loss experiences. Children used many strategies to cope with their losses, including: fun, play and laughter; focusing on the positives; and, remembering and maintaining connections with lost people. Children also identified the need for adults to: just listen; include them and give them a say; provide information; and offer comfort, care, and support for them and their families. In exploring children’s own understandings and experiences of loss, this study extends and challenges dominant understandings of childhood grief and builds knowledge of the supports required for children to cope and thrive in the wake of loss. This thesis makes an essential contribution to the development of explicit, appropriate, and sensitive practice within child and family welfare that can better respond to the diverse losses experienced by children. Further, this thesis provides a platform to strengthen the links between the currently distinct fields of childhood studies, grief and loss, and trauma.

Esta investigación examina las percepciones de un sector de la enseñanza estatal de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Buenos Aires – Argentina) con el fin de obtener un análisis especifico y relevante sobre las condiciones de trabajo y de salud de las docentes en medio del aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). A su vez, se reflexiona sobre el contexto de enseñanza virtual o el teletrabajo, para comprender los procesos de reestructuración laboral, su relación con el ámbito doméstico, el vínculo pedagógico con los estudiantes y las formas de aproximación didáctica de los distintos niveles educativos. A través de la realización de una encuesta y una serie de entrevistas a actores diversos (docentes y directivos), se intenta aportar a la comprensión del fenómeno educativo en medio de la excepcionalidad, visibilizando sus límites y potencialidades. Como conclusiones fundamentales se observa un elevado crecimiento de la sobre-exigencia laboral con mayor flexibilidad, incremento de las tareas domésticas y de cuidado relacionadas con la intensificación docente, un deterioro en los vínculos pedagógicos, un marcado crecimiento del ausentismo estudiantil y una percepción del teletrabajo con mayor prevalencia a resaltar los aspectos negativos de la nueva situación new situation.

Since the implementation of preventive and compulsory social isolation, every night at 9:00 p.m. thousands of Argentines applaud the health system personnel from their patios, balconies and windows in support of their daily tasks.The purpose of this article is to present a critical analysis of the applause that the Argentine population offers as an emotional support for workers in the health sector in times of Covid-19. To achieve this objective, the following argumentative strategy is followed: a) the relationship between heroes and spectators in a spectacularized society is described; b) second, a series of videos of different cities with structural diversity (social class, scale) from the virtual ethnography will be analysed; c) third, applause as an emotion is analysed according to the contexts of its production from the perspective of the sociology of bodies/emotions. Finally, the paper concludes with some questions about the relationship between public health and sensibilities in the post-Covid-19 era.