Abstract
By incorporating the higher-order concept with the perfectly matched later (PML) scheme, unconditionally stable approximate Crank–Nicolson algorithm is proposed for plasma simulation in open region problems. More precisely, the proposed implementation is based on the CN Direct-Splitting (CNDS) procedure for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) unmagnetized plasma simulation. The unmagnetized plasma can be regarded as frequency-dependent media which can be calculated by the piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) method. The proposed implementation shows the advantages of higher-order concept, CNDS procedure, and PLRC method in terms of improved absorbing performance, enhanced computational efficiency, and outstanding calculation accuracy. Numerical examples are introduced to indicate the effectiveness and efficiency. It can be concluded from results that the proposed scheme shows considerable efficiency, accuracy, absorption, and unconditional stability.
Highlights
With its outstanding performance in broadband simulations, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm, proposed by Yee, has received considerable attention in modelling microwave devices, calculating Maxwell’s equations and analysing frequency-dependent dispersive materials [1]
The CFSPML based on conventional FDTD algorithm in [42] (FDTD-perfectly matched later (PML)), CFS-PML based on CN Direct-Splitting (CNDS) algorithm in [13] (CNDS-PML), CFS-PML based on CNAFS algorithm in [12] (CNAFS-PML), and HO-PML based on conventional FDTD
The proposed implementation can be denoted as CNDS-HO-PML
Summary
With its outstanding performance in broadband simulations, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm, proposed by Yee, has received considerable attention in modelling microwave devices, calculating Maxwell’s equations and analysing frequency-dependent dispersive materials [1]. The CNAFS algorithm shows considerable accuracy, nine tridiagonal matrices must be calculated at each time step resulting in quite low efficiency [9, 12]. Us, the higher-order concept is incorporated with various PML schemes to solve such condition and to enhance the absorbing performance during the whole simulation [19,20,21,22,23]. Unconditionally stable higher-order approximate CN-PML algorithm is proposed for the plasma simulation. The proposed implementation is based on CNDS procedure, higher-order PML formulation, and PLRC method for the termination of unmagnetized plasma. Rough the resultants, it can be concluded that the proposed scheme takes advantages of higher-order PML, CNDS algorithm, and PLRC method in terms of improved absorption and considerable computational efficiency when the time step surpasses far beyond CFL limit. It can be demonstrated that the forming of plasma sheath significantly affects its target chrematistics and antenna performance
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