Appropriate Slice for Microscopic of Hepar and Kidney Mice Fixed With BNF 10%

Fixation is used to maintain tissue structure in its original form “life-like state” and can protect proteins and tissue components from degeneration. The solution commonly used is 10% NBF. Formaldehyde is chemical substance that is toxic and not environmentally friendly, several studies have shown alternative substitutes fixation, one of which is the honey solution. The study of Mohammed et al (2020) fixated tissue with honey 10% and 20% shown good coloring properties and similar clarity to fixated with formalin 10%. Honey has acidic and dehydrating properties allow most microorganisms to be killed so that tissues will last for a long time. The research objective is to findout the description of microscopic of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue which were fixation using 10% honey solution for 24 hours. The research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The research design used was a non-eksperimental with a purposive sampling study approach. The sample used was 32 preparation with total of microscopic overview is 160. Microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% honey solution for 24 hours in 80 visual fields were 12.5% of the preparations is not good and 87.5% is good preparations. The microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% NBF is better than of the microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed with 10% honey for 24 hours.

This study aims to determine the effects of saccharin and dragon fruit juice on histopatologic of liver and kidney and determine the effective dose of dragon fruit juice to improve the cells of liver and kidney mice (Mus musculus L.) after fed saccharin. The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD). In this study, the independent variables consist of two control and three treated treatment with 5 replications. The histological data of liver and kidneys of mice (Mus musculus L.) presented descriptively,and evaluation of differences in the structure of the liver and kidney mikroanatomi saccharin and dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) be compared to normal structure. The results showed that administration of saccharin at a dose of 15mg/kg BB/day to given effect on the histopathology of kidney and liver of mice. Treatment of the red dragon fruit juice at a dose of 200mg/Kg BB/day may improve liver and kidney mikroanatomi structures damaged by the provision of saccharin. From this research, showed that the red dragon fruit juice swetened with saccharin can inhibition effects of on structure microanatomy the liver and kidney

Background: Secondary hyperuricemia can increase the risk of renal dysfunction in the form of fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis mediated by TGF-β signalling. Non-pharmacological therapy through high dietary antioxidant intakes can help in controlling and preventing renal dysfunction by suppressing TGF-β expression. This study aimed to analyse the effect of red guava juice (Psidium Guava Linn.) on TGF-β protein expression in mice (Mus Musculus) kidneys with secondary hyperuricemia model. Method: This was an experimental study with a post-test only design. Forty-eight mice (Mus Musculus) were choosen as samples, which were distributed into six different treatment groups. The mice were induced with potassium oxonate for 14 days and given red guava juice for 21 days. TGF-β protein expression in mice (Mus Musculus) kidneys was identified through immunohistochemistry using TGF-β antibodies. The preparation was observed in the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret using the Olympus XC10 light microscope. Data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Post-Hoc Mann Whitney test. Results: The results of this study showed that the administration of red guava juice had a significant effect on TGF-β expression (p = 0.001). There was a significant difference between the negative control treatment and treatment of red guava juice at a dosage of 5 ml/kg/day (p = 0.043).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of red guava juice in mice (Mus Musculus) with secondary hyperuricemia model can suppress TGF-β expression, and therefore, can be used as non-pharmacological therapy.

Background: Heavy physical exercise can reduce blood flow and metabolism in kidney that eventually release free radicals. The free radicals can form oxydative stress and damage renal tissue. Exogenous antioxydant administration is usually recommended to minimize the renal tissue damage. This study aimed to examined the effect of purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L.) extract on renal tissue damage in mice (mus musculus L.) after heavy physical exercise.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial with post test only control design. The study subjects included twenty four male white mice with DD Webster strain. These mice were divided into six groups. After undergoing excessive swimming exercises that lasted forteen days, purple sweet potato extract was given to the experimental group. There were three experimental groups receiving three different doses of purple sweet potato. The mice kidney was taken as sample for microscopic examination to determine the extent of tissue damage. Difference in renal tissue damage was tested by Kruskal-Wallis.Results: Microscopic examination showed statistically significant difference in tissue damage both in right (p=0.001) and left (p=0.036) kidneys, between study groups. The experimental groups showed less damaged than control group. Conclusion: Purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L) can lessen renal damage in male white mice (Mus musculus L) undergoing excessive physical exercise. Keywords: purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L), renal tissue damage mice. Corespondance: Rika Nailuvar Sinaga. Faculty of Sport Science, Medan University. Email: rikanailuvar890@gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(1): 76-83https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2016.01.01.10

This research was conducted to investigate the protective effect Polygonum minus leaves extract on the histopathological changes of kidney induced by mercuric chloride in mice (Mus musculus). Thirty male mice were divided into five groups and were administered via intragastric gavage with different treatments for 21 days. The treatment were C- (CMC Na 0.5% solution + aquadest), C+ (CMC Na 0.5% solution + 8 mg/kg bw of mercuric chloride), T1, T2, and T3 (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bw of Polygonum minus leaves extract respectively + 8 mg/kg bw of mercuric chloride). The histopathological changes of kidney were examined by using Arshad Scoring method. Then the data was analysed using Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney test. The result showed Polygonum minus leaves extract could protect mice kidney from the damage effect of mercuric chloride. The best dose of Polygonum minus on this research was 400 mg/kg bw. Keywords: Polygonum minus, mercuric chloride, Mus musculus, kidney

Diarrhea is a disease of the digestive system which is defined as defecation more than three times a day which is characterized by changes in the shape and consistency of the stool. The results of the Indonesian Nutritional Status survey (2020) stated that the prevalence of diarrhea was 9.8%. One of the plants that has antidiarrheal properties is noni leaves (Morinda citrifolia L.) with the compounds contained in noni leaves being flavonoids. This study aims to determine the effective dose of noni leaf infusion as antidiarrhea in male white mice (Mus musculus) induced by oleum ricini. The research design used was laboratory experimental using male white mice (Mus musculus) as test animals by dividing the negative control, positive control, noni leaf infusion treatment groups with infusion doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/KgBW. Results of observations of the antidiarrheal effectiveness of noni leaf infusion at the most effective dose was a dose of 400 mg/KgBW with the initial parameters of diarrhea the average frequency of diarrhea was five times with the average weight of feces is 0.53 grams and the average duration of diarrhea is 90.25 minutes. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA at a confidence level of 95%.Noni leaf infusion (Morinda citrifolia L.) has effectiveness as an antidiarrhea in male white mice (Mus musculus) induced by oleum ricini with the dose 400 mg/KgBW.

The loop diuretic furosemide as a non-competitive inhibitor of Cl −/HCO 3−-ATPases of vertebrate kidneys and insect rectum

The aims of this research were to know the effect of broccoli extract to the microanatomy structure of liver and kidney in mice after induction of lead acetate. Broccoli contains antitoxic compound such as sulforaphane, beta-carotene, indole, quercetin, and glutathione. The research was evaluated experimentally to Swiss mice at the age of 2 months with average weight of 31 g. These mice were divided into five groups. A group was a placebo controls that given only with distilled water 1 ml for 30 days. Negative control group received lead acetate orally at the dose of 0.52 mg/g body weights for 15 days. Mice of group 1, 2, and 3 received the same treatment but continued with giving broccoli extract orally in three doses: 2.1 mg; 2.8 mg and 3.5 mg/g bw/day respectively for 15 days. Liver and kidney were removed at 31st day. Observation of microanatomy structure was: 1) Determining the kind and damage level of hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubules epithelia as the qualitative data; 2) Measuring the height of proximal tubules epithelia, glomerulus diameter and central vein diameter as the quantitative data, which then analyzed with ANOVA. The result of this research showed that exposed by lead acetate orally caused hydrophilic degeneration, fatty swelling and necrotic (pycnotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis) on hepatocyte and proximal tubules epithelia, swelling of glomeruli. Consumption of broccoli at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day could repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Broccoli extract at the lowest dose (2.1 mg/g bw/day and 2.8 mg/g bw/day) could not repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Consumption of broccoli extract at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day was helping the cells repairmen (i.e. hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubule epithelia) in mice (Mus musculus. L) damage by lead acetate.

This study aims to assess immobility time in Sham group mice (Mus musculus), assess the effect of fluoxetine antidepressant on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), assess the impact of bandotan leaf extract antidepressant (Ageratum conyzoides lin) on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), evaluate the antidepressant effectiveness of the combination of bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin) with fluoxetine on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), and compare the efficacy of the four groups, namely group 1 (Sham), group 2 (fluoxetine), group 3 (bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin)), and group 4 (Fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin)). This study uses a type of quantitative approach and pure experimental method (true experimental research) with Posttest only Control Group Design research design. The results showed that the mean immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 1 (Sham) was for 34 ± 22.1 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 2 (Fluoxetine) is for 162.5 ± 44.43 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 3 (Bandotan leaf extract) was 172.67 ± 40.5 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 4 (Combination of fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract) was 118.83 ± 24.1 seconds. The combination of fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract has significance (p-value 0.039 <0.05) as an antidepressant in reducing immobility time in mice so that bandotan leaves can act as adjuvant therapy.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a problem in nephrology with a fairly high incidence rate, the final condition of CKD is the presence of kidney fibrosis in the tubulointerstitial region depending on the polarization of macrophages. Basil antioxidant efficacious leaves can prevent damage to tubular cells in animals.Objective: To determine the effect of giving basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) on the amount of M2 macrophages in mice (Mus musculus) with the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction method.Methods: This research use an experimental study using a posttest only with randomized controlled group design.Results: Data on administration of basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) to mice can reduce damage to the kidneys analyzed using LSD test obtained p value (0.000 <0.005). The amount of M2 macrophages in mice given basil ethanol extract with the largest dose was 24 mg /20grBW compared to the administration of basil ethanol extract at a dose of 12 mg/20grBW and 48mg/20grBW.Conclusion: Administration of basil leaves extract (Ocimum basilicum L. ) in mice can reduce damage to the kidneys.

Clearing results in histological processing can be affected due to tissue density and viscosity of the clearing agent. xylene is the most commonly used aromatic solvent for clearing agents and deparaffinizing agents in histopathology laboratories, but xylene is one of the most dangerous chemicals found in histology laboratories. Based on the dangers posed by xylene, a replacement material is needed. Several xylene substitutes such as reagents derived from limonene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, vegetable oils and mineral oils have been commercially developed, but the available xylene substitutes are still less effective, more expensive, and still as dangerous as xylene itself. Substitutes that are considered safer are from natural oils, one of which is olive oil which has similarities with xylene, namely in hydrocarbon and phenol compounds. This study used two types of tissue, namely skin and liver from mice (Mus musculus) which were cut into two parts; the first part uses xylene as and the other part uses olive oil as a clearing agent. The assessment of hematoxylin eosin staining results were determined based on the category of assessment of cell structure, such as the cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and color uniformity carried out by three readers and five fields of view for each microscopic slide at 40X magnification of the objective lens. Comparison of observations of the xylene group in skin and liver tissue 100% got a good score on the cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and color uniformity. (p=1,000). The olive oil group had a slight difference in color uniformity in liver tissue when compared to skin, but not statistically different (p=0.773). The comparison of the overall readings of the xylene and olive oil groups on skin and liver tissue also showed no statistically different (p=0.262). So it can be concluded that olive oil can be recommended as a substitute for xylene in the clearing process in histological tissue processing.

Malaria caused by Plasmodium is one of common infectious diseases in tropical country that cause severe problems every year. Several efforts have been developed to dradicate this disease, especially related with new drugs discovery. One of traditional drugs from Gaharu’s leaves has been widely known to cure malaria. However, there is no clinical study yet. This study was examining histopathological effects of Gaharu’s leaves extract on liver and kidney of mice. Twelve Swiss mice were divided into 4 treatments, those were without DHP(Dihydroarteromisinin-piperaquine as common malaria’s drug); with DHP ethanolic extract of Gaharu’s leaves at the concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. plasmodium infection was done by applying “4 days test” or Peter’s Suppressive Test method. The mice were sacrificed using overdose ketamine prior to liver and kidney samples collection for histopathological procedure. The samples were fixed with neutral buffered formalin, proceed using paraffin method, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Histopathological scoring was done using ordinal method and post examination masking. The results reveal that Gaharu’s leaves extract treatment exhibit higher histopathological effects in liver and kidney compared to DHP treatment. Thhe histopathological effects that can be detected include cellular damages, hemorrhage, congestion, and inflammation. These results suggested that Gaharu’s leaves extract could not overcome histopathological effect of plasmodium in liver and kidney compare to DHP. Thus, we concluded that ethanolic extract of Gaharu’s leaves is less effective to be developed as antimalaria compared to DHP.

The objective of this study is to elicit the destructive effect of lead on the tissues of liver and kidney of mice and if vitamin C is capable of repairing the damage caused by lead. In this study, 40 male mice were used and divided into three groups as: Control group which consists of 16 mice; 8 of them were injected intraperitoneally with (0.9 % N.S.) for 15 days daily then they were sacrificed and the remainder 8 mice were injected intraperitoneally with (0.9 % N.S.) for additional 15 days daily then they were sacrificed, First treated group (T1 group) which consists of 8 mice only; they were injected intraperitoneally with (80 mg/kg) lead acetates then with (400 mg/kg) vitamin C after one hour of lead acetates injection for 15 days daily then they were sacrificed, Second treated group(T2 group) which consists of 16 mice; they were injected intraperitoneally with (80 mg/kg) lead acetates for 15 days daily then 8 of them were sacrificed and called as (T2a) and the remainder 8 mice were injected with (400 mg/kg) vitamin C for additional 15 days daily and called as (T2b). Histologically, the kidneys of the lead acetates treated group indicated undefined epithelial cell lining and also the presence of giant-like cells. When vitamin C offered, it decreased the damage that caused by lead where the kidneys indicated the

Air fresheners are products that contain chemicals aimed at reducing unpleasant odours in confined spaces. The use of synthetic air fresheners turns out to harm health because some of their leased Volatile Organic Compounds are classified as toxic compounds and are carcinogens. Air freshener enters the body through the inhalation process in the respiratory system. Modern air fresheners are available in liquid (aerosol) and gel forms. Air fresheners contain addictive substances and solvents such as 1,4-dichlorobenzene which can affect pulmonary function. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of exposure to liquid air freshener on the histology of bronchi of mice (Mus musculus). This study used 20 male mice (Mus musculus) consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications. The research design is true experimental in the form of a post-test only control group with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The post-test was done by observing the histological picture of the mice's bronchi after exposure to liquid air freshener given 3x/day for a period of P1 = 2 weeks, P2 = 4 weeks and P3 = 6 weeks. Quantitative data on bronchial histology was tested using the One Way ANOVA statistical test followed by the Post Hoc Tukey test. The results of the study found changes in the histology of the bronchi, thickening of the epithelial tissue of mice. Analysis of comparative data between the control and treatment groups statistically obtained p = 0.010 <0.05, meaning that there was a significant effect and change in the bronchial tubes exposed to liquid air freshener. Histologically there were differences in histology between the control and treatment groups. It was concluded that liquid air freshener had a significant effect on the histological picture of the mice's bronchi.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that important in maintaining the integrity of body functions, regulating mood, emotion, sleep, appetite, and regulating memory function. However, changes in serotonin and its receptors are associated with the development of anxiety, depression, and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Exercise is suggested as a treatment for several psychiatric disorders. The study aims to prove the effect of moderate-intensity swimming exercise for 4 weeks on increasing serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus). The study was a true experiment with research design from a randomized control group of posttest-only designs using 20 male mice (Mus musculus), eight weeks of age, weighing 30-35 grams and randomly divided into two groups, that is CTL (n = 10, control group), MIE (n = 10, moderate-intensity swimming exercise). Moderate-intensity swimming exercise is carried out with a frequency of 3 times/a weeks for 4 weeks. Measurement of serotonin levels using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Data is analyzed using the Independent Samples T-Test with a significant level (p ? 0.01). The results showed a significant difference in serotonin levels between MIE and CTL (100.61?20.08 vs. 57.06?5.13 ng/mL (p ? 0.001)). Based on the results of the study concluded that moderate-intensity swimming exercise increases serotonin levels