Abstract

Increasing numbers of retroviruses have been isolated from tissues and cell lines of primates by use of cocultivation techniques. Type C and type D viral isolates have been obtained from several species of Old and New World monkeys, including woolly monkeys, gibbon apes, baboons, squirrel monkeys, langurs, and owl monkeys. These viruses, both endogenous and infectious, can be used for nucleic acid hybridization studies which reveal their origins, host ranges, and modes of transmission, including trans-species infection. Endogenous retroviruses have served as tools in the study of evolution; they have indicated their own evolutionary relationships, as well as those between primates, and have even suggested the geographic origin of human evolution.

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