Applying Cryotherapy and Balloon Inflation Technique to Reduce Pain of Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation among Children Undergoing Hemodialysis

Abstract

Children undergoing hemodialysis are exposed to stress and pain from approximately 300 punctures per year to their arteriovenous fistula(AVF). Relieftheir pain sensation improves their acceptance of the procedure and consequently improves their quality of life. Aim:The study aimed to investigate the effect of cryotherapy and balloon inflation on reducing pain of arteriovenous fistula cannulationamong children undergoing hemodialysis. A quasi-experiment design was performed.Setting: The study was conducted in the hemodialysis unit in Mansoura University Children's Hospital.Subjects: All available children (n = 45 children) undergoing HD with AVF for a period of 3 months at the previously mentioned setting.Tools: Four tools were used for data collection: A Structured Interview Sheet,Physiological Measurements Tool, Pain Behavioral Observational Checklist and Numerical pain rating scale. Results:There is a highly statistical significance difference between mean scores of observed behavioral response to pain and pain intensity among hemodialysis children across pre intervention, cryotherapy and balloon inflation before and immediately after AVF punctures. Conclusion: The study concluded that, cryotherapy and balloon inflation have a positive effect on reducing pain of arteriovenous fistula cannulation among children undergoing hemodialysis. Recommendations:Cryotherapy and balloon inflation should be utilized as a routine care in the routine care for hemodialysis children to relieve needle puncture pain.