Abstract
The size of the pork market is increasing globally to meet the demand for animal protein, resulting in greater farm size for swine and creating a great challenge to swine farmers and industry owners in monitoring the farm activities and the health and behavior of the herd of swine. In addition, the growth of swine production is resulting in a changing climate pattern along with the environment, animal welfare, and human health issues, such as antimicrobial resistance, zoonosis, etc. The profit of swine farms depends on the optimum growth and good health of swine, while modern farming practices can ensure healthy swine production. To solve these issues, a future strategy should be considered with information and communication technology (ICT)-based smart swine farming, considering auto-identification, remote monitoring, feeding behavior, animal rights/welfare, zoonotic diseases, nutrition and food quality, labor management, farm operations, etc., with a view to improving meat production from the swine industry. Presently, swine farming is not only focused on the development of infrastructure but is also occupied with the application of technological knowledge for designing feeding programs, monitoring health and welfare, and the reproduction of the herd. ICT-based smart technologies, including smart ear tags, smart sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), deep learning, big data, and robotics systems, can take part directly in the operation of farm activities, and have been proven to be effective tools for collecting, processing, and analyzing data from farms. In this review, which considers the beneficial role of smart technologies in swine farming, we suggest that smart technologies should be applied in the swine industry. Thus, the future swine industry should be automated, considering sustainability and productivity.
Highlights
Importance of Smart Swine FarmingAccording to the report of the FAO and the UN, compared with the current population (7.3 billion) and the food production level, about 50–60% more food will be needed for to provide for the increase in the population, which is estimated to be 33% higher (9.7 billion) by the year 2050, while about 113 million people are currently suffering from food insecurity [11,12]
Introduction iationsIn the swine industry, it is important and challenging to monitor the health and behavior of the full herd of swine
Automatic detection of health is an essential practice in modern swine farming and now is a growing interest in research for detecting the health-related problems of swine
Summary
According to the report of the FAO and the UN, compared with the current population (7.3 billion) and the food production level, about 50–60% more food will be needed for to provide for the increase in the population, which is estimated to be 33% higher (9.7 billion) by the year 2050, while about 113 million people are currently suffering from food insecurity [11,12]. The economy of many developing countries mainly depends on agriculture (livestock sector), and the roles of animals in producing a substantial amount of protein-rich food is encouraging livestock production [5] With this concern, FAO highlighted the significant role of ICT-based smart agricultural farming as an effective way to satisfy the higher demand of food for future population [14]. As a developmental strategy for the swine industry, the ICT-based smart swine farming system is a time demanding issue The technologies, such as sensors, robots, remote monitoring, weather satellites, etc. Pig farmers of Korea could improve the production rate by 5.7% (pig/sow/year) and 9.3% (market pigs/sow/year); and the feed efficiency has been increased by 9.3%, after the application of 1st generation livestock smart farming technology [9]. The application of ICT knowledge in the swine industry would benefit the generation
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